Economies of Scale in European Life Insurance

Purpose – Due to the continuing low interest rate environment as well as the increase in acquisition costs,
price transparency, cost transparency and competition with banks, the cost of life insurance becomes
increasingly important for customers, insurers and shareholders. Against this background, the purpose of
this paper is to study the development of insurers’ economies of scale in regard to administrative costs for four
of the largest European life insurance markets.
Design/methodology/approach – The analysis on economies of scale is based on a comprehensive set
of 477 life insurers in Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, yearly data between 2000 and 2014, and regression
calculations that are based on 4,855 observations.
Findings – The results show that economies of scale exist for all considered markets and for most of the
considered years. However, the extent of economies of scale varies considerably across countries.
Originality/value – Overall, the existing academic literature on costs and corresponding economies of scale
in life insurance primarily deals with analyses of total costs instead of administrative costs, a single year or a
single market. This paper contributes to the existing literature by conducting an analysis of recent market
dynamics and economies of scale in regard to administrative costs for the period from 2000 and 2014 for four of
the largest European life insurance markets for which the respective ata were available (Germany, Italy, Spain
and the UK) and 477 life insurers in total. This is done by means of log-log transformation of premiums and
costs and a fixed effects model based on these transformed figures for 4,855 observations. In addition, for each
market, the authors analyze the development of administrative costs for a total of 477 insurers.