Browsing by Type "journal-article"
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Publication51-OR: Driving Performance after Intake of Glucose vs. Aspartame in Patients with Postprandial Hypoglycemia following Gastric Bypass Surgery( 2021)
;AFRODITI TRIPYLA ;VERA LEHMANN ;DAVID HERZIG ;JASMIN MEIER ;NICOLAS BANHOLZER ;MARTIN MARITSCH ;STEFAN FEUERRIEGELLIA BALLY -
PublicationType: journal-articleJournal: NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und MedizinVolume: 27Issue: 2
Scopus© Citations 2 -
PublicationAge–rank correlations and firm‐level outcomes: The moderating role of environmental dynamism( 2024-05)
;Kim De MeulenaereTraditionally, older employees have held higher positions in the organizational hierarchy. However, today, there is significant variation among firms in the extent to which age is correlated with rank. In this study, we integrate the career timetable and social exchange theory to propose that age–rank correlation is related to organizational performance, serially mediated by the perceived age discrimination climate and organizational innovation. We further suggest that the direction of this indirect relationship depends on firms' environmental dynamism. We find support for our moderated serial mediation framework using multisource data from 12,829 employees, 68 top HR representatives, and 229 top managers in 68 firms. Under lower levels of environmental dynamism, age–rank correlation was negatively related to perceived age discrimination climate and had a positive indirect relationship with organizational performance. Under higher levels of environmental dynamism, age–rank correlation was positively related to perceived age discrimination climate and had a negative indirect relationship with organizational performance. Our study provides a more nuanced view of the fading link between age and rank, which has typically been viewed negatively and from an individual perspective only. Additionally, our results have important practical implications for organizations navigating a shifting workforce demographic in increasingly dynamic environments. -
PublicationAggregation effects for microgrid communities at varying sizes and prosumer-consumer ratios(Elsevier, 2019)
;Danielle Griego ;Sandro Schopfer ;Gregor Henze ;Elgar FleischVerena TiefenbeckSelf-consumption is an increasingly economically attractive solution for electricity generated by distributed energy resources, which also reduces transmission losses, power line overload and grid instability. Yet, at single-building scale, production and demand do often not coincide. Microgrids are proposed as a means to trade surplus energy produced with local prosumers and consumers, to take advantage of complementary load profiles. Here we define a consumer as a single metered residential unit, a prosumer as a consumer with a photovoltaic system, which first uses the on-site energy generated prior to exporting the surplus, and the microgrid as a clearly defined number of both prosumers and consumers. In this article, we systematically analyze to what extent varying microgrid sizes and prosumer-consumer ratios affect local self-consumption and self-sufficiency rates. To that end, we developed a simulation model that uses real-world load profiles from 4190 residential buildings as input data. We find that the prosumer-to-consumer ratio is more important than the absolute microgrid size, for microgrids sizes greater than ten. The results also indicate that prosumer-to-consumer ratios in the range of 40%-60% have the best performance. Each simulation is also compared to the baseline scenario of a stand-alone prosumer, which shows significantly better self-consumption ratios and self-sufficiency ratios for microgrids due to aggregation effects. Finally, this work may also be used as a reference to design residential microgrid communities for various prosumer-consumer compositions and various production-to-demand ratios.Type: journal-articleJournal: Energy ProcediaVolume: 159Scopus© Citations 14 -
PublicationAI literacy and its implications for prompt engineering strategies( 2024)
;Nils Knoth ;Antonia TolzinJan Marco LeimeisterArtificial intelligence technologies are rapidly advancing. As part of this development, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used when humans interact with systems based on artificial intelligence (AI), posing both new opportunities and challenges. When interacting with LLM-based AI system in a goal-directed manner, prompt engineering has evolved as a skill of formulating precise and well-structured instructions to elicit desired responses or information from the LLM, optimizing the effectiveness of the interaction. However, research on the perspectives of non-experts using LLM-based AI systems through prompt engineering and on how AI literacy affects prompting behavior is lacking. This aspect is particularly important when considering the implications of LLMs in the context of higher education. In this present study, we address this issue, introduce a skill-based approach to prompt engineering, and explicitly consider the role of non-experts' AI literacy (students) in their prompt engineering skills. We also provide qualitative insights into students’ intuitive behaviors towards LLM-based AI systems. The results show that higher-quality prompt engineering skills predict the quality of LLM output, suggesting that prompt engineering is indeed a required skill for the goal-directed use of generative AI tools. In addition, the results show that certain aspects of AI literacy can play a role in higher quality prompt engineering and targeted adaptation of LLMs within education. We, therefore, argue for the integration of AI educational content into current curricula to enable a hybrid intelligent society in which students can effectively use generative AI tools such as ChatGPT.Type: journal-articleJournal: Computers and Education: Artificial IntelligenceVolume: 6Issue: JuneScopus© Citations 3 -
PublicationAssisting mental accounting using smartphones: Increasing the salience of credit card transactions helps consumer reduce their spendingCredit card-related over-spending represents an important issue for consumers. Over-spending arises in parts from reduced payment transparency compared to cash and other payment methods. Additionally, week-by-week credit card spending exhibits high variance even on an intrapersonal level, which makes it hard to intuitively learn from prior transactions and control one's spending. As mobile-mediated information systems have been proven effective in delivering behavior change interventions, this study investigates the efficacy of using a novel smartphone application that increases the salience of credit card transactions to help consumers control their cashless payments better and ultimately spend less. We implemented a goal-setting feature and provided weekly goal attainment feedback highlighting ordinary, exceptional, or both types of purchases. This work was conducted as a field experiment, studying a large sample of credit card consumers in the wild over several months, which yielded a significant reduction in spending with unobtrusive interventions. It further highlights the importance of including exceptional purchases in households' spending budgets and discusses how people adjusted their consumption to lower their expenditures.Type: journal-articleJournal: Computers in Human BehaviorVolume: 113
Scopus© Citations 14 -
PublicationAutomated Infrastructure as Code Program Testing( 2024)Automated, "Infrastructure as Code (IaC) enables efficient deployment and operation, which are crucial to releasing software quickly. As setups can be complex, developers implement IaC programs in general-purpose programming languages like TypeScript and Python, using PL-IaC solutions like Pulumi and AWS CDK. The reliability of such IaC programs is even more relevant than in traditional software because a bug in IaC impacts the whole system. Yet, even though testing is a standard development practice, it is rarely used for IaC programs. For instance, in August 2022, less than 1 % of the public Pulumi IaC programs on GitHub implemented tests. Available IaC program testing techniques severely limit the development velocity or require much development effort. To solve these issues, we propose Automated Configuration Testing (ACT), a methodology to test IaC programs in many configurations quickly and with low effort. ACT automatically mocks all resource definitions in the IaC program and uses generator and oracle plugins for test generation and validation. We implement ACT in ProTI, a testing tool for Pulumi TypeScript with a type-based generator and oracle, and support for application specifications. Our evaluation with 6 081 programs from GitHub and artificial benchmarks shows that ProTI can directly be applied to existing IaC programs, quickly finds bugs where current techniques are infeasible, and enables reusing existing generators and oracles thanks to its pluggable architecture.Type: journal-articleJournal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
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PublicationBetter than a bet: good reasons for behavioral and rational choice assumptions in IR theory( 2022)James W. DavisBehavioral IR is enjoying newfound popularity. Nonetheless, attempts to integrate behavioral research into the larger project of IR theory have proven controversial. Many scholars treat behavioral findings as a trove of plausible ad hoc modifications to rational choice models, thereby lending credence to arguments that behavioral IR is merely residual, empirical, and hence not theoretical. Others limit their research to cataloging outcomes consistent with the basic tenets of behavioral models. Although this expands the empirical base, it is insufficient for theoretical progress. In this article, I explore various answers to the question of when rational choice or behavioral assumptions should guide efforts to build IR theory. I argue that no single answer trumps all others. Examining the various conditions under which actors reason highlights the importance of macrofoundations. Macrofoundations condition the effects of microprocesses and help identify relevant scope conditions for both rational choice and behavioral models of decision-making. Examining the various purposes of IR theory also provides answers to the question of when rational or behavioral assumptions are likely to be most useful. Although many behavioral scholars premise the relevance of their findings on claims of empirical realism, I argue that under certain conditions, deductive theorizing on the basis of as-if behavioral assumptions can lead to powerful theories that improve our understanding of IR and may help decision-makers promote desired ends.Type: journal-articleJournal: European Journal of International RelationsVolume: 29Issue: 2
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PublicationCapturing artificial intelligence applications’ value proposition in healthcare – a qualitative research study( 2024-04-03)
;Jasmin Hennrich ;Peter HofmannNils UrbachArtificial intelligence (AI) applications pave the way for innovations in the healthcare (HC) industry. However, their adoption in HC organizations is still nascent as organizations often face a fragmented and incomplete picture of how they can capture the value of AI applications on a managerial level. To overcome adoption hurdles, HC organizations would benefit from understanding how they can capture AI applications’ potential. We conduct a comprehensive systematic literature review and 11 semi-structured expert interviews to identify, systematize, and describe 15 business objectives that translate into six value propositions of AI applications in HC. Our results demonstrate that AI applications can have several business objectives converging into risk-reduced patient care, advanced patient care, self-management, process acceleration, resource optimization, and knowledge discovery. We contribute to the literature by extending research on value creation mechanisms of AI to the HC context and guiding HC organizations in evaluating their AI applications or those of the competition on a managerial level, to assess AI investment decisions, and to align their AI application portfolio towards an overarching strategy.Type: journal-articleJournal: BMC Health Services ResearchVolume: 2024Scopus© Citations 1 -
PublicationCircadian rhythm analysis using wearable-based accelerometry as a digital biomarker of aging and healthspan( 2024-06-04)
;Jinjoo ShimFilipe BarataAbstractRecognizing the pivotal role of circadian rhythm in the human aging process and its scalability through wearables, we introduce CosinorAge, a digital biomarker of aging developed from wearable-derived circadian rhythmicity from 80,000 midlife and older adults in the UK and US. A one-year increase in CosinorAge corresponded to 8–12% higher all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks and 3–14% increased prospective incidences of age-related diseases. CosinorAge also captured a non-linear decline in resilience and physical functioning, evidenced by an 8–33% reduction in self-rated health and a 3–23% decline in health-related quality of life score, adjusting for covariates and multiple testing. The associations were robust in sensitivity analyses and external validation using an independent cohort from a disparate geographical region using a different wearable device. Moreover, we illustrated a heterogeneous impact of circadian parameters associated with biological aging, with young (<45 years) and fast agers experiencing a substantially delayed acrophase with a 25-minute difference in peak timing compared to slow agers, diminishing to a 7-minute difference in older adults (>65 years). We demonstrated a significant enhancement in the predictive performance when integrating circadian rhythmicity in the estimation of biological aging over physical activity. Our findings underscore CosinorAge’s potential as a scalable, economic, and digital solution for promoting healthy longevity, elucidating the critical and multifaceted circadian rhythmicity in aging processes. Consequently, our research contributes to advancing preventive measures in digital medicine.Type: journal-articleJournal: npj Digital MedicineVolume: 7Issue: 1 -
PublicationCLAID: Closing the Loop on AI & Data Collection — A cross-platform transparent computing middleware framework for smart edge-cloud and digital biomarker applications( 2024)
;Patrick Langer ;Stephan AltmüllerFilipe BarataThe increasing number of edge devices with enhanced sensing capabilities, such as smartphones, wearables, and IoT devices equipped with sensors, holds the potential for innovative smart-edge applications in healthcare. These devices generate vast amounts of multimodal data, enabling the implementation of digital biomarkers which can be leveraged by machine learning solutions to derive insights, predict health risks, and allow personalized interventions. Training these models requires collecting data from edge devices and aggregating it in the cloud. To validate and verify those models, it is essential to utilize them in real-world scenarios and subject them to testing using data from diverse cohorts. Since some models are too computationally expensive to be run on edge devices directly, a collaborative framework between the edge and cloud becomes necessary. In this paper, we present CLAID, an open-source cross-platform middleware framework based on transparent computing compatible with Android, iOS, WearOS, Linux, macOS, and Windows. CLAID enables logical integration of devices running different operating systems into an edge-cloud system, facilitating communication and offloading between them, with bindings available in different programming languages. We provide Modules for data collection from various sensors as well as for the deployment of machine-learning models. Furthermore, we propose a novel methodology, ML-Model in the Loop for verifying deployed machine learning models, which helps to analyze problems that may occur during the migration of models from cloud to edge devices. We verify our framework in three different experiments and achieve 100% sampling coverage for data collection across different sensors as well as an equal performance of a cough detection model deployed on both Android and iOS devices. Additionally, we compare the memory and battery consumption of our framework across the two mobile operating systems.Type: journal-articleJournal: Future Generation Computer SystemsVolume: 159 -
PublicationCompany-Specific Plant Roles - A Reference Process for the Design and Deployment( 2024-02-11)The interaction between a firm’s headquarters and its plants is crucial to ensuring that the manufacturing network generates a competitive advantage. The concept of plant roles, first introduced by Ferdows (1989), is a suitable tool to facilitate the headquarters-plant relationship. Although many articles deal with Ferdows’s plant roles, hardly any can be found that discusses how companies can design and deploy their own plant roles. Thus, this article proposes a step-by-step guide for network managers.Type: journal-articleJournal: Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen FabrikbetriebVolume: 119Issue: 1-2
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PublicationCompeting for attention on digital platforms: The case of news outlets( 2024)
;Anna Kerkhof ;Carmelo CennamoTobias KretschmerAbstractResearch SummaryPlatforms are often assumed to benefit firms, especially smaller ones, by facilitating access to a broader consumer base and increasing visibility. However, this logic relies on platforms” ability to match consumer preferences to complement characteristics. In addition to this matching mechanism, we posit that platforms also broker consumer attention towards complements, which then compete for this attention. We propose that this attention mechanism is particularly prominent in settings where complement characteristics cannot be observed ex‐ante, and argue that complementors' with larger scale and broader scope are better positioned to capture attention than smaller and less broad ones. We formalize and test this intuition in the context of news aggregators, highlighting the significance of complementors' ability to draw attention in evaluating their benefits from platform participation.Managerial SummarySmall firms are often assumed to benefit most from joining a platform to expand their market reach and visibility. However, this will only be the case if the main function of platforms is to match consumer preferences to product characteristics. We argue that platforms also direct attention towards some products at the expense of others on the platform. This “attention mechanism” is particularly important whenever product characteristics cannot be observed prior to consumption, and we propose that in such settings, larger scale and broader scope of products drive attention towards specific firms on the platform. We test these predictions in the context of online news aggregators, which feature news content by newspapers of different sizes and with different range of articles. We find that indeed large and generalist newspapers benefit most from being on a news aggregators, while small and focused newspapers perform better when they are not featured on the news aggregator at all. -
PublicationComplexity in declarative process models: Metrics and multi-modal assessment of cognitive load( 2023)
;Andrea Burattin ;Tijs Slaats ;Ekkart KindlerComplex process models can hinder the comprehension of the underlying business processes. While several metrics have been suggested in the literature to evaluate the complexity of imperative process models, little is known about their declarative counterparts. In this paper, we address this gap through a suite of metrics that we propose to capture the complexity of declarative process models. Following this, we empirically investigate the impact of complexity, as measured by the suggested metrics, on users’ cognitive load when comprehending declarative process models. Therein, we use a multi-modal approach including eye-tracking and electrodermal activity. The findings of the empirical study provide evidence about the cognitive load emerging as a result of increased model complexity. Overall, the outcome of this paper presents empirically validated metrics to evaluate the complexity of declarative process models. Implementing these metrics and incorporating them in intelligent modeling tools would help assessing the complexity of declarative process models before being deployed. Furthermore, our empirical approach can be adopted by researchers in upcoming empirical studies to provide a multi-perspective assessment of users’ cognitive load when engaging with process models.Type: journal-articleJournal: Expert Systems with ApplicationsVolume: 233Scopus© Citations 10 -
PublicationConducting eye-tracking studies on large and interactive process models using EyeMind( 2023)
;Daniel LübkeThe understandability of process models has been subject to extensive research in which eye-tracking has demonstrated great capability to deliver meaningful insights. However, the full potential of this technology is not fully exploited due to the complexity of using dynamic stimuli in experiments (i.e., large and interactive process models) and the common use of static stimuli (i.e., small non-interactive models) as a cheap alternative limiting the ecological validity of the used experimental setting and the generalizability of the results. This paper presents EyeMind, a solution to overcome this limitation by supporting the whole experimental workflow using dynamic stimuli and offering a comprehensive analysis toolkit of eye-tracking data. All these features facilitate experiments on large and interactive process models as well as the extraction of meaningful insights.Type: journal-articleJournal: SoftwareXVolume: 24Scopus© Citations 3 -
PublicationCurrent Topics in International Manufacturing - Implications from Industrial Use-Cases( 2024-02-11)
;Kevin Gleich ;Gwen Louis SteierGisela LanzaDesigning the strategy, configuration and coordination of international manufacturing networks is a complex task, influenced by a variety of internal and external factors. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all approach for the design and management of international manufacturing networks, especially with the rising volatility of the last years. For this purpose, four different industrial use cases are presented to show topics in international manufacturing that companies are currently dealing with and how they are addressing them.Type: journal-articleJournal: Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen FabrikbetriebVolume: 119Issue: 1-2 -
PublicationDelayed Overshooting: The Case for Information Rigidities( 2024)
;Gernot J. MüllerThomas HettigWe provide evidence that the delayed overshooting puzzle reflects a slow adjustment of exchange rate expectations to monetary policy shocks rather than a failure of uncovered interest parity. Consistent with this evidence, we put forward a New Keynesian model in which uncovered interest parity holds, but there are information rigidities: investors do not observe monetary policy shocks but learn rationally from unanticipated shifts in monetary policy about the state of the economy. We estimate the model and find it can account for the joint responses of the spot exchange rate, forward exchange rates, and excess currency returns to monetary policy shocks. (JEL D83, E12, E31, E43, E52, F31)Type: journal-articleJournal: American Economic Journal: MacroeconomicsVolume: 16Issue: 3 -
PublicationDeleveraging, deflation and depreciation in the euro area( 2016)
;Dmitry Kuvshinov ;Gernot J. MüllerType: journal-articleJournal: European Economic ReviewVolume: 88 -
PublicationDie Dreidimensionalität der Organisationsparadoxie -Prozessstudie eines Krankenhauses im Umgang mit der COVID-19 Pandemie( 2024-08)During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and their members had to handle multiple paradoxes that surfaced as permanent contradictions between different expectations. Informed by systems theory, the analysis of the data from a longitudinal process study of a hospital managing the pandemic focuses on the relationship between the expectation of treating COVID-19 and all other patients, which illustrates the organizing paradox of part-whole tensions. The analysis shows the three-dimensionality of this paradox. In the factual dimension, there are different alternatives to choose from. The social dimension involves balancing between centralized decision-making of a few actors and broad participation to ensure acceptance. Timewise, managing the pandemic requires to consider the current situation and the future developments. This three-dimensionality characterizes the practical challenge of dealing with an extreme situation such as the pandemic, the onset of which, its intensity, its dynamic and its duration cannot be predicted. In addition to this practically relevant reconstruction, the theoretical contribution for the English-speaking literature on paradoxes in organizations lies in expanding its focus from one to the three dimensions thereby enlarging the explanatory scope of paradox theory.Type: journal-articleJournal: Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO)
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PublicationDie Eroberung der Atmosphäre. Wetterbeeinflussung in Süddeutschland zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges( 2013)Die Vorstellung, das Wetter beeinflussen zu können, gewann mit dem Beginn des Kalten Krieges eine große Popularität. Die neue Technik der Wetterkontrolle, die hauptsächlich im militärischen Kontext in den USA entwickelt worden war, fand ab den 1950er Jahren in vielen Ländern der Welt Anwendung. Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags stehen die Aktivitäten am Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre in Südbayern, wo Nebelauflösung und Hagelbekämpfung im vornehmlich zivilen und lokalen Rahmen entwickelt wurden. An diesem Beispiel wird gezeigt, welche Rolle die amerikanischen Entwicklungen in der dortigen Forschung spielten und wie die lokale Bevölkerung durch die Anwendung dieser ,dual-use-technology‘ Teil des Kalten Krieges wurde. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass durch die Förderung von Wetterbeeinflussungstechniken die Atmosphäre nicht nur physisch, sondern auch auf einer ideellen Ebene besetzt werden sollte.Type: journal-articleJournal: TechnikgeschichteVolume: 80Issue: 3