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Sharing Design Knowledge Through Codification in Interdisciplinary DSR Collaborations

2023-01-06 , Dickhaut, Ernestine , Janson, Andreas , Hevner, Alan , Leimeister, Jan Marco

The goals of design science research (DSR) projects are to generate novel and useful artifacts and to produce rigorous and generalizable design knowledge. Often, DSR projects are conducted in collaborative, interdisciplinary project teams. Different disciplinary approaches to codifying design knowledge result in challenging project interactions. To study this situation, we analyze design knowledge codification in interdisciplinary teams over time. We gain insights from a survey of recent DSR papers that have been published in the AIS Senior Scholars’ Basket. We then present a detailed case study of a longitudinal project that brought to light issues of sharing design knowledge across disciplinary borders. Drawing from the survey and case study, we provide actionable guidance on how to effectively codify and share design knowledge to support researchers and practitioners to build useful artifacts and to make interdisciplinary design knowledge contributions reusable and applicable.

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Measuring students’ argumentation skills: validation of a test instrument

2023-08-22 , Yvonne Berkle , Andreas Janson , Löfflad, Denise , Denise Löfflad , Jan Marco Leimeister , Miriam Leuchter

The importance of argumentation skills for academic disciplines is well evident. Two core aspects of argumentation skills are a) the recognition of argumentation fallacies and b) the recognition of the structure of arguments. These two argumentation skills might be related to domain-specific knowledge. In our study, we aim to evaluate an instrument to assess the recognition of argumentation fallacies and the structure of arguments in the context of different domains. Thus, we implemented a self-developed instrument to measure both argumentation skills in different student groups (business economic students and pre-service teachers) in different domains: a) the study-domain of their own courses, b) the study-domain of the respective other courses and c) a neutral domain (sustainability). We assumed these three domains to represent different dimensions within the ability to recognize argumentation fallacies and within the ability to recognize argument structures. This assumption could not be confirmed, what leads to the assumption that our instrument captures cross-domain argumentation skills. However, our research implies a difference in the recognition of formal compared to informal argumentation fallacies. Furthermore, the results indicate that the instrument measures argumentative skills in both groups of students equally well.

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How Digital Nudges Influence Consumers – The Role of Social and Privacy Nudges in Retargeting

2018 , Eigenbrod, Laura , Janson, Andreas , Leimeister, Jan Marco

Retargeting is an innovative online marketing technique because it can provide consumer-specific advertising content based on consumers’ browsing behavior that meet consumers' prefer-ences and interests. Although this advertising form offers great opportunities of bringing back customers who have left an online store without to complete a purchase, retargeting is risky be-cause the necessary data collection leads to strong privacy concerns which in turn, trigger con-sumer reactance and decreasing trust. Digital nudges – small design modifications in digital choice environments which guide peoples’ behavior – present a promising concept to bypass these negative consequences of retargeting. In order to explore the positive effects of digital nudges in retargeting banners, we conducted a between-subject experiment with a subsequent survey which examines the impacts of social nudges (likes of friends) and privacy nudges (disclosure of privacy policy and purpose of retargeting banners). Whereas the social nudge led to a negative impact on consumers’ privacy concerns and a positive impact on consumers’ booking behavior, the privacy nudge did not have any significant impact. A combination of social nudge and privacy nudge showed that the privacy nudge negatively moderated the positive relationship between social nudge and consumers’ booking behavior. The derived implications provide a theory for under-standing nudges in digital environments and we offer design principles for practitioners that enable better retargeting outcomes.

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Redesigning University Large Scale Lectures: How To Activate The Learner

2015-08-07 , Oeste, Sarah , Lehmann, Katja , Janson, Andreas , Söllner, Matthias , Leimeister, Jan Marco

Universities are facing major challenges with increasing numbers of students and the requirement of cost savings. They intend to maintain international state-of-the-art research while providing future employees a high-quality education. In order to achieve these often conflicting goals of researching and teaching, innovative learning approaches need to be developed. We therefore propose a design of a flipped classroom for large-scale lectures that adopts a learner-centred approach and enables higher levels of interaction and learning outcomes. We therefore derive requirements from the theory of interaction and address them with design principles for large-scale flipped classrooms, which we implement in a large-scale information systems lecture. Our approach divides the teaching-learning process into a cycle of four successive phases: IT-supported phases for the acquisition and reflection of knowledge, as well as presence phases for the application and discussion of the acquired knowledge. We evaluated the concept by conduct-ing structured interviews with lecture participants. We contribute to theory by deriving insights on how interaction and peer recognition account for the success of the flipped classroom approach. As a practical contribution, our paper gives advice on how large-scale lectures can be redesigned in order to meet future challenges of management education.

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Disentangling Trust in Voice Assistants - A Configurational View on Conversational AI Ecosystems

2023 , Janson, Andreas , Schmitt, Anuschka , Bevilacqua, Tatjana

Voice assistants’ (VAs) increasingly nuanced and natural communication via artificial intelligence (AI) opens up new opportunities for the experience of users, providing task assistance and automation possibilities, and also offer an easy interface to digital services and ecosystems. However, VAs and according ecosystems face various problems, such as low adoption and satisfaction rates as well as other negative reactions from users. Companies, therefore, need to consider what contributes to user satisfaction of VAs and related conversational AI ecosystems. Key for conversational AI ecosystems is the consideration of trust due to their agentic and pervasive nature. Nonetheless, due to the complexity of conversational AI ecosystems and different trust sources involved, we argue that we need a more detailed understanding about trust. Thus, we propose a configurational view on conversational AI ecosystems that allows us to disentangle the complex and interrelated factors that contribute to trust in VAs. We examine with a configurational approach and a survey study, how different trust sources contribute to the outcomes of conversational AI ecosystems, i.e., in our case user satisfaction. The results of our study show four distinct patterns of trust source configurations. Vice versa, we show how trust sources contribute to the absence of the outcome, i.e., user satisfaction. The derived implications provide a configurative theoretical understanding for the role of trust sources for user satisfaction that provides practitioners useful guidance for more trustworthy conversational AI ecosystems.

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How Conversational Agents Relieve Teams from Innovation Blockages

2022-08-09 , Elshan, Edona , Zierau, Naim , Janson, Andreas , Leimeister, Jan Marco

Innovation is one of the most important antecedents of a company's competitive advantage and long-term survival. Prior research has alluded to teamwork being a primary driver of a firm's innovation capacity. Still, many firms struggle with providing an environment that supports innovation teams in working efficiently together. Thereby, a team's failure can be attributed to several factors, such as inefficient working methods or a lack of internal communication that leads to so-called innovation blockages. There are a number of approaches that are targeted at supporting teams to overcome innovation blockages, but they mainly focus on the collaboration process and rarely consider the needs and potentials of individual team members. In this paper, we argue that Conversational Agents (CAs) can efficiently support teams in overcoming innovation blockages by enhancing collaborative work practices and, specifically, by facilitating the contribution of each individual team member. To that end, we design a CA as a team facilitator that provides nudges to reduce innovation blocking actions according to requirements we systematically derived from scientific literature and practice. Based on a rigorous evaluation, we demonstrate the potential of CAs to reduce the frequency of innovation blockages. The research implications for the development and deployment of CAs as team facilitators are explored.

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Understanding the Effects of Gamified Feedback in Mobile Learning – An Experimental Investigation

2018 , Schneider, Tim , Janson, Andreas , Schöbel, Sofia

Mobile learning, offering learning anytime and anywhere, is becoming increasingly important for learning in the working process or on-the-go. However, mobile learning may overwhelm the learner due to its use in physical environments and demand for highly motivated learners. Therefore, gamified feedback is a promising way to both motivate learners and drive learning success. Nonetheless, systematic insights are missing on how to design gamified feedback for mobile learning. To investigate how gamified feedback contributes to motivation and learning success, we first develop a theoretical model based on ARCS and cognitive load theory. Second, we propose an experimental approach to analyze the effects of gamified feedback on motivation and learning success. Overall, we expect to better understand the effects of gamified feedback in mobile learning as a theoretical contribution with our experimental investigation. Finally, we aim to provide practical implications for mobile learning developers on how to use gamified feedback in the learning processes.

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Social Audio: Conceptualizing Voice-Based Online Social Networks and their Privacy Implications

2023 , Schmitt, Anuschka , Rentsch, Stefanie , Janson, Andreas

This paper explores the nature and implications of social audio: online social networks (OSNs) that enable users to interact via voice. The paper contributes to basic science by offering a precise conceptualization of voice-based OSNs and their design features. We posit that the defining characteristics of traditional OSNs also hold for social audio, yet that novel features (i.e., creating rooms) and modifications of traditional features (i.e., like) through voice idiosyncrasies can be found. This work also shows how social audio introduces novel privacy implications, particularly driven by the richness and risks of voice as an interaction modality. Using three illustrative cases, we demonstrate applications of social audio and how privacy implications remain largely unaddressed. Specifically, we find that the networks considered show very few specific features addressing the risks of voice-based interaction and that current privacy policies do not reflect these risks nor offer mitigation measures. We bridge our findings and extensions for future research by discussing potential approaches in terms of network architecture features for social audio providers to pursue in order to ensure user privacy.

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Exploring the Dynamics of Affordance Actualization – A Configurational View on Voice Assistants

2022-08-09 , Janson, Andreas

Voice assistants’ (VAs) increasingly nuanced and natural communication opens up new opportunities for the experience of users, providing task assistance and automation possibilities, and also offer an easy interface to digital services and ecosystems. However, VAs face various problems, such as low adoption and satisfaction rates as well as other negative reactions from users. Companies, therefore, need to consider how individuals utilize VAs and what contributes to user satisfaction. Key for the design of VAs are their unique affordances and their agentic nature that distinguish these IT artifacts from non-agentic IS. A configurative and dynamic approach enables to shed light on the complex causalities underlying user outcomes with these novel systems. Consequently, we examine in this study how individuals actualize the affordances of VAs during the initial adoption stage. For this purpose, we draw on a diary study research design that examines affordance actualization processes with new VA users. We examine with a configurational approach, how the actualization of VA affordances contributes to the outcomes of VAs, i.e., in our case user satisfaction. The results of our diary study show distinct patterns of functional affordance configurations. In addition, we show that affordances unfold and evolve over time. The derived implications provide a configurative theoretical understanding for the role of VAs affordances for user satisfaction that provides practitioners useful guidance to actualize the potential of VAs.

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Towards a Holistic Understanding of Technology-Mediated Learning Appropriation

2015-05-26 , Janson, Andreas , Söllner, Matthias , Leimeister, Jan Marco

IT support in the learning process is one of the key success factors for innovative learning scenarios. A necessary pre-condition is the faithful appropriation of technology-mediated learning (TML) to ensure learning outcomes in innovative learning scenarios. However, information systems research still lacks insights concerning what actually determines a faithful appropriation of TML and little is known about the consequences of a faithful appropriation. In consequence, this research-in-progress paper presents a mixed-methods research approach to gain a holistic understanding of TML appropriation. In a first step, based on the insights of adaptive structuration theory, a theoretical model is developed considering both objective and subjective measures for TML appropriation as well as antecedents and consequences of TML appropriation. In a second step, the mixed-method approach is presented in order to evaluate the theoretical model. Our expected contribution to theory includes an extension of both TML and adaptive structuration theory with an in-depth view of the TML appropriation process, and contributions to practice include the derivation of design implications for TML services that are faithfully appropriated to ensure learning success for TML participants.