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  • Publication
    Missed, Dissed, or Dismissed…then Assist? How Identity Impacts Bystander Responses to Workplace Mistreatment
    (Purdue University, ) ;
    Okimoto, Tyler
    ;
    Li, Xinxin
    ;
    Gazdag, Brooke
    ;
    Ryan, Michelle
    Integrating a social identity approach with selective incivility theory, we examine how identification—with an organization, with one’s gender, and as a feminist—shapes how bystanders interpret and respond to incivility (i.e., interpersonal acts of disrespect) and selective incivility (i.e., incivility motivated by targets’ social group membership) towards women at work. We propose that bystanders with stronger organizational identification are less likely to perceive incivility towards female colleagues as discrimination, and thus, less likely to intervene, but female bystanders with stronger gender identification are more likely to do so. Using two-wave field data in a cross-lagged panel design (Study 1, N = 336), results showed that organizational identification negatively predicted observed selective incivility one year later; we found no evidence of an impact of female bystanders’ gender identification. We replicated and extended these results with a vignette experiment (Study 2, N = 410) and an experimental recall study (Study 3, N = 504). Findings revealed a “dark side” of organizational identification such that strongly identified bystanders were less likely to recognize incivility as discrimination, but there were again no effects of women’s gender identification; Study 3 also showed that bystander feminist identification increased perceived discrimination and intervention. These results raise doubts that women are more sensitive to (i.e., feel particularly “dissed” by) women’s mistreatment, however, more strongly identified men and women feminists are more dissed and likely to assist (i.e., intervene). Although more strongly organizationally identified employees may “dismiss” women’s mistreatment, they also assist once it is perceived as discriminatory.
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