Now showing 1 - 10 of 44
  • Publication
    How IT carve-out project complexity influences divestor performance in M&As
    ( 2022-07-14)
    Yetton, Philip
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    Henningsson, Stefan
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    Böhm, Markus
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    Krcmar, Helmut
    IT carve-out projects are complex and cost-intensive components of M&A transactions. Existing research sheds little light on the determinants of IT carve-out project complexity and/or its effects on divestor performance. Instead, research has focused on the post-acquisition IT integration project and acquirer performance. This paper presents the first divestor-centric model of IT transactions from the divestor to the acquirer when a Business Unit in a Multi-Business Organization (MBO) is carved out and integrated into another MBO. The model explains how divestor business and IT alignment pre-conditions contribute to increased IT carve-out project complexity. Such complexity increases IT carve-out project time to physical IT separation and creates IT stranded assets, which decrease post-divestment business, IT alignment and divestor performance. The current recommended strategy of adopting transitional service agreements (TSAs) to handle IT carve-out complexity is compared with two new proactive strategies derived from the model. TSA-based strategies restrict the divestor from both decommissioning IT stranded assets and reconfiguring its IT assets to support its new post-divestment business strategy. The two new strategies address IT carve-out complexity without incurring the negative effects from adopting TSAs
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    Scopus© Citations 2
  • Publication
    A requirements data model for product service systems
    (Springer, 2014-06)
    Berkovich, Marina
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    Hoffmann, H.
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    Krcmar, Helmut
    Product service systems (PSS) are bundles of physical technological elements and service elements that are integrated to solve customer problems. In practice, most components of PSS are developed independently from each other, which leads to problems with coordination of development activities and integration of PSS components. Therefore, an integrated requirements engineering for PSS is needed that deals with the involvement of developers from product engineering, software engineering, and service engineering, as well as the inherent complexity of the PSS and the development process. In a case study with the development department of a PSS provider, we analyzed requirements documents and conducted expert interviews. We identified problems in the development, for example, that requirements on different levels of abstraction are intermingled, rationales for requirements are missing, and the concretization of requirements is unclear. To solve these problems, we propose a requirements data model (RDMod) for requirements to PSS. An RDMod describes different types of requirements and the relations between them. Thus, it is a scheme for the concretization of the requirements, which especially addresses the problems of structuring the requirements, enabling traceability, and finding conflicts. We then used an analytical evaluation, a feature-based evaluation and a retrospective application with requirements analysts of the industry partner. In a joint workshop, we specified requirements for a PSS with the RDMod. In structured interviews, we analyzed the perceived advantages of the RDMod. The experts confirmed that the RDMod is applicable in their development and it provides a clear structure for the requirements and therefore helps overcoming the identified problems.
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    Scopus© Citations 54
  • Publication
    Crowdsourcing: How to Benefit from (Too) Many Great Ideas
    (Kelley School of Business, 2013-12) ; ;
    Krcmar, Helmut
    This article focuses on how companies can cope with the enormous volume and variety of data (big data) that is acquired on crowdsourcing platforms from the worldwide community of Internet users. We identify the challenges of implementing crowdsourcing platforms and show how CIOs and other organizational leaders can build the absorptive capacity necessary to extract business value from crowdsourced data.
  • Publication
    Modular Architecture of Value-Added Applications for German Healthcare Telematics
    (Springer Gabler, 2013-02)
    Dünnebeil, Sebastian
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    Sunyaev, Ali
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    Krcmar, Helmut
    Value-added applications of the German healthcare telematics aim at patient orientation as well as quality and efficiency improvements in the healthcare sector. Telematics services can be utilized in many ways, e.g., to guarantee security standards and interoperability. The electronic health card is merely one example. The design science oriented article presents the development and evaluation of a software architecture for value-added applications. In order to achieve better user acceptance, the architectural requirements were derived directly from the caregivers. The architecture is illustrated and evaluated by the example of electronic referral management. Typical functional units of medical processes are modeled in seven layers. The instantiation shows a structured application with high security standards which enables interoperability between heterogeneous existing systems and extensive control by physicians' cooperatives. The architecture offers, for the first time in German healthcare, the opportunity to safely and reliably specify and develop a variety of value-added applications which can be provided via the telematics infrastructure.
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    Scopus© Citations 9
  • Publication
    Modulare Softwarearchitektur für Mehrwertanwendungen der deutschen Gesundheitstelematik
    (Springer Gabler, 2013-02)
    Dünnebeil, Sebastian
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    Sunyaev, Ali
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    Krcmar, Helmut
    Value-added applications of the German healthcare telematics aim at patient orientation as well as quality and efficiency improvements in the healthcare sector. Telematics services can be utilized in many ways, e.g., to guarantee security standards and interoperability. The electronic health card is merely one example. The design science oriented article presents the development and evaluation of a software architecture for value-added applications. In order to achieve better user acceptance, the architectural requirements were derived directly from the caregivers. The architecture is illustrated and evaluated by the example of electronic referral management. Typical functional units of medical processes are modeled in seven layers. The instantiation shows a structured application with high security standards which enables interoperability between heterogeneous existing systems and extensive control by physicians’ cooperatives. The architecture offers, for the first time in German healthcare, the opportunity to safely and reliably specify and develop a variety of value-added applications which can be provided via the telematics infrastructure.
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  • Publication
    Managing an IT carve-out at a multi-national enterprise teaching case description
    (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013-12)
    Fähling, Jens
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    Yetton, Philip
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    Krcmar, Helmut
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  • Publication
    The Effect of Rating Scales on Decision Quality and User Attitudes in Online Innovation Communities
    (Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013-03)
    Riedl, Christoph
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    Krcmar, Helmut
    Given the rise of the Internet, consumers increasingly engage in co-creating products and services. Whereas most co-creation research deals with various aspects of generating user-generated content, this study addresses designing ratings scales for evaluating such content. In detail, we analyze functional and perceptional aspects of two frequently used rating scales in online innovation communities. Using a multimethod approach, our experiments show that a multicriteria scale leads to higher decision quality of users than a single-criterion scale, that idea elaboration (i.e., idea length) negatively moderates this effect such that the single-criterion rating scale outperforms the multicriteria scale for long ideas, and finally that the multicriteria scale leads to more favorable user attitudes toward the Web site. To ensure robustness of our results, we applied a bootstrap-based Monte Carlo simulation based on our experimental data. We found that around 20 user ratings per idea are sufficient for creating stable idea rankings and that a combination of both rating scales leads to a 63 percent performance improvement over the single-criterion rating scale and 16 percent over the multicriteria rating scale. Our work contributes to co-creation research by offering insights as to how the interaction of the technology being used (i.e., rating scale) and the attributes of the rating object affects two central outcome measures: the effectiveness of the rating in terms of decision quality of its users and the perception of the scale by its users as a predictor of future use.
  • Publication
    Determinants of physicians' technology acceptance for e-health in ambulatory care
    (Elsevier, 2012-11)
    Dünnebeil, Sebastian
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    Sunyaev, Ali
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    Krcmar, Helmut
    Germany is introducing a nation-wide telemedicine infrastructure that enables electronic health services. The project is facing massive resistance from German physicians, which has led to a delay of more than five years. Little is known about the actual burdens and drivers for adoption of e-health innovations by physicians. Based on a quantitative study of German physicians who participated in the national testbed for telemedicine, this article extends existing technology acceptance models (TAM) for electronic health (e-health) in ambulatory care settings and elaborates on determinants of importance to physicians in their decision to use e-health applications. This study explores the opinions, attitudes, and knowledge of physicians in ambulatory care to find drivers for technology acceptance in terms of information technology (IT) utilization, process and security orientation, standardization, communication, documentation and general working patterns. We identified variables within the TAM constructs used in e-health research that have the strongest evidence to determine the intention to use e-health applications. The partial least squares (PLS) regression model from data of 117 physicians showed that the perceived importance of standardization and the perceived importance of the current IT utilization (p<0.01) were the most significant drivers for accepting electronic health services (EHS) in their practice. Significant influence (p<0.05) was shown for the perceived importance of information security and process orientation as well as the documentation intensity and the e-health-related knowledge. This study extends work gleaned from technology acceptance studies in healthcare by investigating factors which influence perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of e-health services. Based on these empirical findings, we derive implications for the design and introduction of e-health services including suggestions for introducing the topic to physicians in ambulatory care and incentive structures for using e-health.
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    Scopus© Citations 208
  • Publication
    Scenario planning for innovation development: an overview of different innovation domains
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2012-01)
    Fähling, J.
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    Huber, M.
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    Böhm, F.
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    Krcmar, Helmut
    Innovations expressed by customers are often unstructured, unclear, and ambiguous, making it difficult to interpret customers' contributions, integrate them into a company's R&D department and transfer them into comprehensible requirements for the development of product, service or software innovations. To close this gap, the paper presents scenarios as a technique to support communication between customers and developers along the R&D process and to reduce feedback cycles. A basic understanding of scenarios and their application in innovation management is delivered by outlining scenario definitions, identifying dimensions for the classification of scenarios, and providing an overview of scenario representation techniques for different innovation domains.
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  • Publication
    Requirements Engineering for Product Service Systems - A State of the Art Analysis
    (Springer Gabler, 2011-12-01)
    Berkovich, Marina
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    Krcmar, Helmut
    In recent years, manufacturing companies and service providers have moved towards offering customer-specific problem solutions. These integrated bundles usually consist of hardware, software, and service components and are called product service systems (PSS) or hybrid products. Since the success of the resulting solution depends on the understanding of all requirements, requirements engineering (RE) has become a key factor. The article analyzes the state of the art of RE for PSS based on an extensive literature review in the domains of product-, software-, and service engineering. For this, criteria are derived from the characteristics of PSS and from the task area of RE in the life cycle of PSS. Based on these criteria we analyze the most established RE approaches for their suitability for PSS. An important finding is that integrated/interdisciplinary approaches for RE are missing. Moreover, the maturity of RE approaches in the three domains varies significantly. All analyzed approaches heavily rely on concepts and solution characteristics of their own domain so that a transfer to other domains is hardly possible. This literature review lays the foundation for successful RE for PSS and especially for future research aiming at combining and integrating RE approaches and models of product-, software-, and service engineering. Such requirement models could connect concepts of single domains and enable an integrated and seamless RE for PSS.
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    Scopus© Citations 69