Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Publication
    Organizational Control As Antidote To Politics In The Pursuit Of Strategic Initiatives
    (Wiley, 2014-06-25) ;
    Walter, Jorge
    ;
    Cardinal, Laura
    In contrast to the contingency approach advanced by most prior work, we suggest a complementary perspective on organizational control and its relationship with performance. We argue that the simultaneous use of behavior and outcome control capitalizes on their respective advantages, and is therefore more effective than a sole reliance on either control type. Moreover, with organizational control seeking alignment between individual and organizational goals, the benefits of such a complementary approach may be more pronounced in a context characterized by high levels of organizational politics, or the pursuit of individual at the expense of organizational goals. Our analysis of strategic initiatives pursued by 184 European corporations provides support for both a complementary approach to organizational control and a contingency effect of organizational politics.
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    Scopus© Citations 78
  • Publication
    Formal and Informal Control as Complements or Substitutes? The Role of the Task Environment
    (Academy of Management, 2014-08-04) ;
    Cardinal, Laura
    ;
    Walter, Jorge
    ;
    This study extends both traditional contingency approaches to organizational control as well as the fledgling, and largely conceptual, literature on more holistic control approaches by examining whether and to what extent formal and informal controls interact with each other in their influence on performance outcomes. In particular, we examine whether formal and informal controls act as complements or substitutes for each other, as well as whether such an interaction will be more or less pronounced in the context of higher degrees of exploration. Our empirical findings from an analysis of 184 strategic initiatives conducted by firms across a variety of industries provide support for the benefits of a complementary use of formal and informal controls, but also suggests that the degree of exploration at least partially moderates this effect, and thereby contribute to a more com-prehensive understanding of organizational control.
  • Publication
    An Agenda for Organizational Control Research: Looking through the Kaleidoscope of the Past and Present
    (SMS Strategic Management Society, 2013-06-21)
    Cardinal, Laura
    ;
    During the past 50 years, a substantial array of research on organizational control has been conducted in management. In spite of its historical prominence in strategic management and organization theory, control research has not been sufficiently cumulative. Organizational forms and environments have changed dramatically since theories concerning organizational control were developed, yet our theories and empirical research have not kept pace with the dramatic changes of our twentyfirst century. The purpose of this review is to make sense of this old, but fragmented research and to identify building blocks, critical relationships, trends, and a roadmap for future research.
  • Publication
    Organizational Control as an Antidote for Organizational Politics?
    (Academy of Management, 2013-08-11) ;
    Walter, Jorge
    ;
    Cardinal, Laura
  • Publication
    Organizational Control and Strategic Growth Initiatives - A Contingency Perspective
    ( 2009-10-13) ; ;
    Cardinal, Laura
    This study focuses on formal and informal control modes used by organizations to manage their growth initiatives. Drawing on the literature on growth, organizational control, and contingency theory, we develop and empirically test a set of hypotheses aimed at explaining how different types of growth initiatives are controlled to achieve superior performance. Survey data collected from 201 corporations in six industries serve to test the hypotheses. Results of moderated regression analysis highlight the importance of adopting the control mode to the specific type of initiative. An initiative's degree of internal and external risk as well as exploration are found to moderate the relationships between formal and informal control and initiative performance.
  • Publication
    Strategic Initiatives and Control
    (Academy of Management (AOM), 2008-08-10) ; ;
    Cardinal, Laura
    Based on survey data of 201 firms in six industries, this paper examines the relationship between control mechanisms and the performance of strategic growth initiatives. We differentiate control along two dimensions: formality (formal, informal) and target of control (input, behavior, and output) to examine six control mechanisms. We formulate several hypotheses stating their relationship with initiative performance. The paper makes two major contributions. First, it contributes to a clearer conceptualization and operationalization of control mechanisms. The factor analysis results support distinct control mechanisms but suggest a more complex picture for our informal control mechanisms than initially proposed. Second, the findings from the regression analysis suggest distinct relationships between these control mechanisms and performance. These findings shed new light on the execution of strategic initiatives relevant to managers driving growth in their companies and points the way for future research in the area of corporate entrepreneurship and control research.