Ruth Frischknecht
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Dr.
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Frischknecht
First name
Ruth
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ruth.frischknecht@unisg.ch
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+41 71 224 7585

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Government-university collaboration on smart city and smart government projects: What are the success factors?

2024-01 , Ali Asker Guenduez , Ruth Frischknecht , Sebastian Frowein , Kuno Schedler

Despite the widespread practice of cooperation between governments and universities on smart city and smart government projects, the factors influencing this cooperation are not well known. We explore government-university collaboration to illuminate four potential determinants of success in such projects: output, institutional, relationship, and framework factors. Using mixed methods, including a theoretically informed crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis methodology and thematic analysis of interviews and secondary data, we identify the causal relationships among these determinants and perceived success of government-university collaboration on smart city and smart government projects. We find that for a collaboration to be considered successful, all of these factors must be present and positive. In contrast, a negative assessment of even one of these factors is sufficient to evaluate the collaboration as unsuccessful.

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Publication

A taxonomy of human-machine collaboration: capturing automation and technical autonomy

2020-07-02 , Simmler, Monika , Frischknecht, Ruth

Due to the ongoing advancements in technology, socio-technical collaboration has become increasingly prevalent. This poses challenges in terms of governance and accountability, as well as issues in various other fields. Therefore, it is crucial to famil- iarize decision-makers and researchers with the core of human–machine collaboration. This study introduces a taxonomy that enables identification of the very nature of human–machine interaction. A literature review has revealed that automation and technical autonomy are main parameters for describing and understanding such interaction. Both aspects must be carefully evaluated, as their increase has potentially far-reaching consequences. Hence, these two concepts comprise the taxonomy’s axes. Five levels of automation and five levels of technical autonomy are introduced below, based on the assumption that both automation and autonomy are gradual. The levels of automation were developed from existing approaches; those of autonomy were carefully derived from a review of the literature. The taxonomy’s use is also explained, as are its limitations and avenues for further research.

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Publication

Smartness-Narrative im Bodenseeraum: Evidenz aus einer vergleichenden Fallstudie mit drei Gemeinden

2022 , Frischknecht, Ruth , Gündüz, Ali Asker , Schedler, Kuno

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A social cognition perspective on autonomous technology

2021-09 , Frischknecht, Ruth

The last several years have been characterized by an increasing autonomization of technology. Advanced technologies are now capable of learning and interacting. These capabilities expand the scope in which technology can be used. As a result, these increasingly autonomous machines and programs are completing an ever-growing number of tasks in collaboration with humans. This is why it is important to determine whether increasing levels of autonomy affect how technical systems are perceived by their human counterparts. An online survey experiment using vignettes to describe technical systems with varying levels of autonomy was employed to test the effects of technical autonomy on the dimensions of social cognition (i.e., warmth and competence) and mind perception (i.e., experience and agency). The findings show that increasing levels of technical autonomy impacted how the technical systems were socially perceived. More specifically, the findings suggest that the more autonomous a technical system is, the more competence and agency it will be ascribed. Conversely, increasing levels of technical autonomy had no effect on the ascription of warmth and experience. These results highlight that technical autonomy is relevant to and effectively shapes social judgements regarding technology.

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How smart can government be? Exploring barriers to the adoption of smart government

2019 , Schedler, Kuno , Guenduez, Ali A. , Frischknecht, Ruth

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Rechtliche Verfahren als sozio-technische Systeme: Eine Taxonomie des Zusammenwirkens von Mensch und Maschine in der Rechtsanwendung

2021-02-12 , Simmler, Monika , Weder, Regina , Frischknecht, Ruth , Simmler, Monika

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Legitimizing the Smart City Idea: The Case of the #Smarthalle

2020-11-09 , Frischknecht, Ruth , Schedler, Kuno , Gündüz, Ali Asker

Many cities are pursuing the goal of becoming a smart city which has far-reaching consequences for the city and its stakeholders. A successful implementation of these smart city initiatives requires a broad legitimacy base. This poses a challenge for cities as creating legitimacy for new ideas is by no means easy. In this article, we explore how a city administration tries to influence the legitimacy of an idea like that of a smart city. Based on a case study about the #Smarthalle, a project of the city of St. Gallen different legitimization strategies are presented. The results show that legitimization efforts are primarily directed at citizens and administrative staff. The analysis reveals that creating a vision, making the idea tangible and mobilizing allies are key strategies for legitimizing smart city initiatives and related projects. onsequently, the #Smarthalle was designed as a place to exchange ideas, experience smart technologies and directly connect the administration and the citizens.

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How smart can government be? Discussing the barriers of smart government adoption

2017-08-17 , Schedler, Kuno , Guenduez, Ali A. , Frischknecht, Ruth

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Technical autonomy in human-machine collaboration: An exploration of human responses to advanced technology

2022-09-19 , Frischknecht, Ruth

Based on the assumptions that technology is becoming increasingly autonomous and new human-machine constellations are emerging, this thesis explores the question of how humans respond to such increasingly autonomous technical systems. Although many tasks are accomplished in close collaboration between humans and machines, existing research insufficiently incorporates the user's (or collaborator's respectively) perspective. Three articles address the overarching research question. The first article introduces the concept of technical autonomy, derives five levels of this property, and distinguishes it from the notion of automation. For exploring human responses, two online experiments are conducted. The first experiment tests the effect of technical autonomy on general social perceptions (N = 288), and the second experiment analyzes the effect of technical autonomy in organizational decision-making scenarios (N = 341). The thesis presents evidence that the level of autonomy affects how people respond to technical systems. It suggests that people perceive technical systems that are high in autonomy as having more agency and competence, and are more willing to rely on them than systems operating on lower levels of autonomy. Third, this effect is particularly evident when technical systems are described as adaptive or both, adaptive and open. The results of this research will inform both research and practice. For the former, the results suggest that technical autonomy is a relevant variable in human-machine collaboration and this technical property should be further incorporated into research in general and theory-building. For the latter, the findings suggest that autonomous systems should be implemented with caution.

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