Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • Publication
    Have Commodities Become a Financial Asset? Evidence from Ten Years of Financialization
    The financialization of commodity markets over the last decade has changed the behavior of commodity prices in fundamental ways. In this paper, we uncover the gradual transformation of commodities from a physical to a financial asset. Although economic demand and supply factors continue to play an important role, recent indicators associated with financialization have emerged since 2008. We show that financial variables have become the main driving factors explaining the variation in commodity returns and volatility today. Our findings have important implications for portfolio analysis and for the effectiveness of hedging in commodity markets.
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  • Publication
    Are Correlations Constant? Empirical and Theoretical Results on Popular Correlation Models in Finance
    (Elsevier North-Holland, 2017-11) ; ;
    Glück, Thorsten
    Multivariate GARCH models have been designed as an extension of their univariate counterparts. Such a view is appealing from a modeling perspective but imposes correlation dynamics that are similar to time-varying volatility. In this paper, we argue that correlations are quite different in nature. We demonstrate that the highly unstable and erratic behavior that is typically observed for the correlation among financial assets is to a large extent a statistical artefact. We provide evidence that spurious correlation dynamics occur in response to financial events that are sufficiently large to cause a structural break in the time-series of correlations. A measure for the autocovariance structure of conditional correlations allows us to formally demonstrate that the volatility and the persistence of daily correlations are not primarily driven by financial news but by the level of the underlying true correlation. Our results indicate that a rolling-window sample correlation is often a better choice for empirical applications in finance.
    Scopus© Citations 28
  • Publication
    The Sources of Risk Spillovers Among U.S. REITs : Financial Characteristics and Regional Proximity
    (AREUEA, 2015) ; ;
    Schindler, Felix
    In this paper, we estimate the risk spillovers among 74 U.S. REITs using the statedependent sensitivity value-at-risk (SDSVaR) approach. This methodology allows for the quantification of the spillover size as a function of a company's financial condition (tranquil, normal, and volatile REIT prices). We show that the size of risk spillovers is more than twice as large when REITs are in financial distress and find evidence for the impact of geographical proximity: REITs that have their properties located in close distance to the properties of other REITs show risk spillovers that are on average 33% higher than REITs that have similar properties but at a larger distance. We estimate the risk gradient to decrease nonlinearly and to have zero slope for property distances of more than 250 miles. Our empirical findings provide first empirical evidence on the transmission of risk spillovers from underlying real positions to the securitized level of a company. Specifically, our results provide new insights concerning the relevance of geographical diversification for REITs and have important implications for the investment and risk management decisions of real estate investors, mortgage lenders, home suppliers, and policy makers.
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    Scopus© Citations 29
  • Publication
    Immigration, Real Estate Prices and the Consumption Decision of Native Households
    Since house prices govern the consumption decisions of renters and owners alike, changing house prices can have far-reaching macroeconomic consequences. We analyze how the disposable income and consumption decisions of households are affected by exogenous house price changes in Switzerland. We look at consumption of both housing and nondurable goods to establish a comprehensive picture. We ensure that our house price variation is exogenous by instrumenting house prices with origin-shift immigration. Our unique dataset includes information on every immigrant that entered Switzerland between 1990 and 2013, house price data for every community, and detailed survey data for over 5000 households. We can show three things. Firstly, different types of immigrants influence house prices to different degrees. This finding allows us to structure a valid instrument while also contributing to an ongoing European discussion over the effects of immigration. Secondly, rising house prices reduce the disposable income of renters. This is particularly pronounced for renters who are forced to relocate in times of rising prices. We find, therefore, that renters consume less while owners do not necessarily consume more. This is different from the US/UK context and may reflect the inability of households to extract home equity in central Europe. Thirdly, households transition to ownership less frequently or move away more often following an exogenous price increase. We add novel insights on household consumption and tenure-/location choice in response to exogenous changes in the cost of housing.
  • Publication
    Recovering from Shocks: Term Structure Signalling in Commodity Markets *
    We examine the behaviour of commodity term structures following economic shocks. The response of the futures curve in the near term, relative to the front-month future, reflects market expectations about the type, magnitude, and persistence of a shock. These market expectations have predictive power for the recovery time after a shock. Our findings challenge the current view that term structures in commodity markets cannot contain market expectations due to arbitrage forces of the carry trade.
  • Publication
    Systemic Risk of Commodity Traders
    ( 2023-08-24) ;
    Glück, Thorsten
    We examine the disruptions to global commodity flows following the bankruptcy of a commodity trading firm. The physical commodity network is operated by a handful of large traders that are responsible for the timely delivery of raw materials and inputs to industrial production. We propose a model that simulates the resilience and response time of the network following a shock. Our results suggest that a number of commodity traders carry significant systemic risk. The forced removal of a trader from the network has considerable implications for the prices and availability of physical commodities over a period of 6 to 12 months.
  • Publication
    Measuring Financial Investor Presence Through Term Structure Deflection
    (SoF-HSG, 2021) ; ;
    Kirilenko, Andrei
    We estimate the presence of financial investors in commodity futures markets from deflections in the term structure. We argue that large-scale inflows from financial investors cause systematic deviations in nearby futures contracts that reflect excessive buying pressure in commodities. We compare this new speculation indicator to popular existing measures including reported CFTC data and the Hamilton and Wu (2014) risk premium. We find substantial financial investor presence in commodity markets from 2004 to 2014. We show that our new speculation measure is better at explaining the variation in crude oil volatility than other existing measures.
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  • Publication
    Financialization in Commodity Markets: A Passing Trend or the New Normal?
    (SoF - HSG, 2014) ;
    Glück, Thorsten
    In this paper, we show that large inflows into commodity investments, a recent phenomenon known as financialization, has changed the behavior and dependence structure between commodities and the general stock market. The common perception is that the increase in comovements is the result of distressed investors selling both assets during the 2007-2009 financial crisis. We show that financial distress alone cannot explain the size and persistence of comovements. Instead, we argue that commodities have become an investment style for institutional investors. Given that institutional investors continue to target funds into commodities, we predict spillovers between commodities and the stock market to remain high in the future.
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