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Ellen Reichel
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Reichel
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Ellen
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PublicationDemocracy Is Democracy Is Democracy? Changes in Evaluations of International Institutions in Academic Textbooks, 1970-2010This article examines what democracy means when it is used in academic textbook evaluations of international institutions and how the meaning of the term "democracy" in such evaluations has changed over time. An analysis of 71 textbooks on international institutions in the policy areas of international security, environmental, and human rights politics leads us to several answers. We observe slight changes in relation to three aspects. First, the range of democracy-relevant actors expands over time, most notably in relation to nonstate actors as important participants in (or even subjects of) international policymaking. Second, representational concerns become more relevant in justifying demands for greater participation in international institutions. Third, international organizations are increasingly discussed not only as subjects that enhance the transparency and accountability of the policies of their member states, but also as the objects of democratic demands for transparency and accountability themselves.Type: journal articleJournal: International Studies PerspectivesVolume: 16Issue: 2DOI: 10.1111/insp.12069
Scopus© Citations 3 -
PublicationMany Pipers, Many Tunes? Die Legitimationskommunikation internationaler Organisationen in komplexen Umwelten(Nomos, 2015-05-08)Witt, AntoniaType: journal articleJournal: Politische Vierteljahresschrift (Sonderheft)Volume: 49
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PublicationInternational Organizations under Pressure(Oxford University Press, 2019)
;Antonia Witt ;Ina LehmannTobias WeiseThe book reconstructs how the normative yardsticks that underpin evaluations of international organizations have changed since 1970. Based on in-depth case studies of normative change in five international organizations over a period of five decades, the authors argue that, these days, international organizations confront a longer and more heterogeneous list of normative expectations than in previous periods. Two changes are particularly noteworthy. First, international organizations need to demonstrate not only what they do for their member states, but also for the individuals in member states. Second, while international organizations continue to be evaluated in terms of what they achieve, they are increasingly also measured by how they operate. As the case studies reveal, the more pluralist patchwork of legitimacy principles today’s international organizations confront has multiple origins. It includes the politicization of expanding international authority, but also a range of other driving forces such as individual leadership or normative path dependence. Despite variation in the sources, however, the consequences of the normative shift are similar. Notably, a longer and more heterogenous list of normative expectations renders the legitimation of international organizations more complex. Strikingly, then, at a time when many feel international cooperation is needed more than ever, legitimating the forms in which such cooperation takes place has become most difficult. International organizations have come under pressure. -
PublicationInternational Organizations under Pressure: Legitimating Global Governance in Challenging Times(Oxford University Press, 2019-03-28)
;Witt, Antonia