Ammann, ManuelManuelAmmannKessler, StephanStephanKesslerTobler, JürgJürgTobler2023-04-132023-04-132006-10-21https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/handle/20.500.14171/82391The article examines strategies for making financial investments by using a decomposition of the non-central tracking error variance to indicate how actively assets are managed. This method examines how much risk the asset manager takes in investments by analyzing positive and negative returns. Two mathematical models are presented to analyze the active management of investments. The authors believe that their decomposition method and tracking error variance generate data that is not formally found by traditional analysis methods. [http://www.manuel-ammann.com/pdf/Ammann_Tracking_Error_Variance_Decomposition_Final.pdf]enActive investingTracking errortracking error variancejournal article