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Enzo Nussio
Former Member
Title
Dr. des.
Last Name
Nussio
First name
Enzo
Now showing
1 - 10 of 11
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PublicationType: journal articleJournal: Colombia InternacionalVolume: 2013Issue: 77
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PublicationThe Securitisation of Food Security in Colombia, 1970-2010After the world food crisis of the early 1970s, food policies became a ‘national priority' for Colombian development. It was the first country to implement the multi-sectoral approach proposed by international organisations. However, in the past thirty years the Colombian governments have presented nutrition as a minor health issue. During the recent world food crisis, the government insisted that Colombia was one of the most food secure countries. In seemingly similar circumstances, why was food policy made a priority in the 1970s and not in the new millennium? We will address this question with the help of securitisation theory. We argue that in the 1970s, the government successfully securitised the food issue in the context of a reduction of external food aid and a failed land reform. Recent national governments (as opposed to some local governments) have had little interest in a securitising move since the related food sovereignty discourses threaten their free market policies.Type: journal articleJournal: Journal of Latin American StudiesVolume: 45Issue: 4
Scopus© Citations 5 -
PublicationEmotional Legacies of War among Former Colombian ParamilitariesDrawing on 62 interviews with former members of the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia), a right-wing paramilitary umbrella organization that fought against guerrilla groups and was involved in drug trafficking, I develop a model of the emotional legacies of war. The proposed model is critical to the understanding of ex-combatants' behavior in the context of postwar disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration. This study connects three related elements: ex-combatants' recollection of their initial reason for joining the war and their war experiences, their present perception of those reasons and experiences, and an emotional legacy tied to their perceptions. I have designated the emotional residue that emerges from the remembered past, including regret, pride, resentment, nostalgia, and tiredness of being at war, an emotional legacy. These emotional legacies connect ex-combatants' perception of their past with the present.Type: journal articleJournal: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace PsychologyVolume: 18Issue: 4DOI: 10.1037/a0030327
Scopus© Citations 32 -
PublicationWhat if the FARC demobilizes?In September 2012, the Colombian government officially announced ongoing peace talks with the leftist Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). This gesture was the first of its kind since the failed negotiation process with the same guerrilla group during the government of Andrés Pastrana (1998-2002) (see Villarraga 2009). The FARC remains the largest and strongest non-state armed group operating in the country, and can be traced back to as early as 1964. Observers of the current negotiations are largely optimistic about the prospects for peace and the end of the decades-long conflict. A jointly created document entitled the ‘General Agreement for the Ending of Conflict and the Construction of a Stable and Durable Peace' (FARC and Gobierno de Colombia 2012) lays out the six points to be discussed during the negotiations. Point three on this list - ‘end of the conflict' - envisages the ‘abandonment of weapons' and the ‘economic, social and political reincorporation of the FARC into civilian life'. While other elements of the peace negotiations may be equally fundamental, in this piece, we focus on this specific point and highlight some of the critical issues that might emerge if the peace process between the Colombian government and this guerrilla group is successful. The ideas presented here are based on several historical applications of former combatant disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) as a peacebuilding activity. We particularly attempt to extract implications from the demobilization of the paramilitary United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) between 2003 and 2006 (Nussio 2011a), the ongoing desertion and reintegration of individual guerrilla members (Anaya 2007), and the accumulated knowledge about the structure and history of the FARC (Pizarro Leongómez 2011).[1] Although the peace process is likely to face many obstacles - and a complete failure is possible - we nevertheless remain positive about a negotiated settlement. As such, we reflect here on the critical issues that might need to be considered to support a sustainable and peaceful outcome.Type: journal articleJournal: Stability: International Journal of Security & DevelopmentVolume: 1Issue: 1DOI: 10.5334/sta.aj
Scopus© Citations 13 -
PublicationHow ex-combatants talk about personal security. Narratives of former paramilitaries in ColombiaPrevious literature on disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) argues that a lack of personal security may lead ex-combatants to re-engage in violence. The present article takes a deeper look at what happens when ex-combatants are faced with insecure situations. More specifically, it asks about the narratives ex-combatants construct with relation to personal security. This article is based on 62 semi-structured interviews with former members of the United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC). After their demobilisation, 1385 ex-members of this paramilitary group have been killed between 2003 and 2010. In this climate of violence against the demobilised, many ex-combatants feel exposed to potential threats and claim to respond to these threats with anonymity, good citizenship or isolation. When faced with imminent threats, they mention relocation, self-defence and group protection as consequential strategies. The latter two narratives may lead ex-combatants to re-engagement in violence. State protection is a hypothetical narrative since most ex-combatants do not trust in authorities. The bottom-up approach applied in this study allows one to identify the security alternatives from their perspective. Considering the security-related skills and experiences of ex-combatants, this is an important element in the post-demobilisation period. Furthermore, the mentioned set of mostly non-violent coping strategies challenges the dominant view that ex-combatants are predisposed to violence.Type: journal articleJournal: Conflict, Security & DevelopmentVolume: 11Issue: 5
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PublicationType: journal articleJournal: Journal of Peacebuilding and DevelopmentVolume: 6Issue: 2
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PublicationType: journal articleJournal: Pensamiento jurídicoIssue: 26
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PublicationUnderstanding Ex-Combatants. Central Themes in the Lives of Former Paramilitaries in ColombiaTo date, the growing body of literature about Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) has focused primarily on questions of policy design. It has widely neglected the beneficiaries of policy and their lives beyond DDR programmes. The present study intends to balance this shortcoming by systematically describing the individual perspective of ex-combatants. Through a series of 62 interviews with former Colombian paramilitaries, the themes that are central to their lives are identified. The selection of the interviewees and the interview analysis draw on grounded theory. The goal of this inductive approach is to build a substantive theory that consists of interrelated categories grounded in qualitatively collected data. According to the present analysis, the central themes in the ex-combatants' lives are the emotional legacies stemming from their involvement in war, strategies to overcome security challenges and economic difficulties, as well as a pact with the state, stigma within communities and a disrupted family life. Some preliminary policy implications complement the empirical analysis of this study. The interviewed former combatants demobilised together with their units of the United Self-defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia - AUC). The AUC were a paramilitary federation mostly financed through drug-trafficking who fought against leftist guerrilla groups. After negotiating with the Colombian government, 31.671 members of the AUC demobilised between 2003 and 2006. Since that time, they have received support from a national reintegration programme.Type: doctoral thesis
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