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    Does citizen participation improve acceptance of a Green Deal? Evidence from choice experiments in Ukraine and Switzerland
    Green Deals - policy packages aimed at streamlining climate mitigation investments - have recently been established in several countries to stay within the 1.5 °C global warming target. They are usually adopted on a national or supranational level, such as the European Green Deal, and follow a top-down approach of policymaking. Given the crucial role of social acceptance in successful energy and climate policy implementation, a stream of literature pointed out the important role of citizen co-investment and community participation. This paper focuses on two countries that are currently considering the introduction of a Green Deal, namely Switzerland and Ukraine, and investigates citizen preferences for design options to enhance community participation. The results show varying degrees of preferences for local participation: Ukrainian respondents are sensitive to local communities being involved in Green Deal-related decision-making, whereas this is less important to Swiss respondents as long as there is transparency and they have veto rights on specific projects. While respondents from both countries prefer a Green Deal to involve a diversified portfolio of renewable energy, clean transport and energy efficiency in buildings, they exhibit interesting differences with regard to their preferred funding sources and who should be eligible for Green Deal financing.
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    Building back better? Reviewing scenarios of a decentralised post-war electricity system in Ukraine
    In 1976, Amory Lovins suggested a distinction between hard and soft energy paths, referring to scenarios envisioning a future with varying degrees of (de-)centralisation. Almost half a century later, there are still diverging views as to whether the future of energy is going to be centralised or decentralised. An empirical context in which such competing visions are particularly present is Ukraine. With the current, highly centralised infrastructure severely damaged after the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine a variety of stakeholders have published documents outlining scenarios for the country’s future energy system. Reviewing 32 such scenarios allows us to disentangle the technological and organisational dimensions of (de-) centralisation and identify incoherences in how they are addressed in expert documents.
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    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Die Energiepolitik der Ukraine: vom braunen Energielobbyismus zum grünen Nachkriegskonjunkturprogramm
    (Springer VS, 2025) ;
    Denys Smolennikov
    ;
    Dobbins M.
    In diesem Kapitel wird die Entwicklung der ukrainischen Energiepolitik von 1991 bis heute untersucht und dabei aufgezeigt, wie konkurrierende Interessen die Transformation von der Abhängigkeit von fossilen Brennstoffen zur CO2-Neutralität im Kontext der europäischen Integration und der Desintegration von Russland beeinflusst haben. Anhand einer Inhaltsanalyse energiebezogener Vorschriften und wichtiger politischer Meilensteine untersuchen die Autoren, wie gegensätzliche Lobby-Gruppen die Energiepolitik der Ukraine geprägt haben. Aus einer akteurszentrierten Perspektive wird systematisch der Frage nachgegangen, warum sich eine grüne Energiewende in der Ukraine als so schwierig erweist. Die Autoren konzentrieren sich auf die Spannungen zwischen „braunen“ Lobbygruppen, russischen Interventionen und Europäisierungsprozessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass „braune“ Lobbygruppen nach der Unabhängigkeit jahrzehntelang Entscheidungen im Energiesektor maßgeblich beeinflusst haben, ihre Macht jedoch aufgrund des zunehmenden Drucks in Richtung Energiesicherheit und Diversifizierung allmählich abgenommen hat. Die großflächige russische Invasion im Jahr 2022 hat trotz ihrer verheerenden Auswirkungen paradoxerweise die Bestrebungen der Ukraine im Bereich der grünen Energie beschleunigt, indem sie kritische Schwachstellen in der Infrastruktur aufdeckte und einen umfassenden Wiederaufbau des Sektors erforderlich machte. Die Studie zeigt, wie die Ukraine internationalen Verpflichtungen und innenpolitischem Reformdruck trotz ungünstigen politischen Erblasten und verfestigten oligarchischen Strukturen gerecht wurde. Die Autoren kommen zu dem Schluss, dass die Erholung der Ukraine nach dem Krieg eine einmalige Gelegenheit zur ökologisch nachhaltigen Umstrukturierung ihres Energiesektors bietet.
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    Are there Decentralized Solutions for Ukraine’s Energy Sector? Energy Regulatory Framework Analysis
    (2025) ;
    Smolennikov, Denys
    ;
    Inna Tiutiunyk
    The Russian full-scale war in Ukraine has exposed the vulnerability of centralized energy systems. Between 2022 and early 2025, around 70% of all Ukraine’s energy facilities was either occupied by Russian forces, destroyed, or damaged. With extensive destruction of generation facilities and limited financial resources for rapid reconstruction during wartime, decentralized energy sources emerge as the most viable solution for uninterrupted energy supply to both population and industry. Implementing effective energy decentralization mechanisms must be grounded in a robust regulatory framework. This study examines potential pathways for the Ukraine’s post-war energy sector development, highlighting opportunities for decentralization and decarbonization. The paper analyses the current state of Ukrainian regulations in energy sector. The authors specifically examine the degree of both technological (infrastructure) and organizational (governance) decentralization of energy sector in current Ukrainian legislation. Methodologically, the researchers conducted content and thematic analysis of legislation using keywords related to energy sector decentralization. The study investigates organizational decentralization across three dimensions: (1) energy market structure, including market liberalization and feed-in tariffs; (2) citizen involvement through local energy communities, prosumers, and active consumers; and (3) funding patterns such as citizen investments, crowdfunding, and small-scale investments. Technological decentralization analysis focuses on distributed generation and renewable energy solutions like photovoltaic and wind power. The study reveals fragmented legislative initiatives in energy decentralization. While some progress exists toward market liberalization, the legal energy framework lacks substantive mechanisms to support decentralized energy models. The research concludes that despite Ukraine’s gradual legislative adaptation toward energy decentralization, a comprehensive implementation strategy remains absent. The existing legal framework fails to establish procedures, mechanisms, and conditions enabling local energy communities, associations, and independent producers to actively participate in energy production and distribution. Current provisions primarily support centralized management models rather than facilitate citizen and local community involvement in energy governance, financing, and production.
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    SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF A GREEN DEAL IN UKRAINE AND SWITZERLAND: A CROSS-COUNTRY ANALYSIS
    Green Deals-policy packages aimed at streamlining climate mitigation investments-have recently been established in several countries to reach the 1.5°C global warming target (EC 2022). They are usually adopted on a national or supranational level, such as in the case of the European Green Deal, and as such follow a top-down approach of policymaking. At the same time, given the crucial role of social acceptance (Ellis & Ferraro 2016) in successful energy and climate policy implementation, a stream of literature has pointed out the important role of citizen co-investment and community participation (Knauf & Wüstenhagen 2023; Le Maître et al. 2023). This paper focuses on two countries that are currently considering the introduction of a Green Deal, namely Switzerland and Ukraine, and investigates citizen preferences for design options to enhance community participation. The results show varying degrees of preferences for local participation: Ukrainian respondents are particularly sensitive to local communities being involved in Green Deal-related decision-making, whereas this is less of an issue for Swiss respondents as long as there is transparency and they have veto rights on specific projects. While respondents from both countries prefer a Green Deal to involve a diversified portfolio of renewable energy, energy efficiency in buildings and clean transport, they exhibit interesting differences with regard to their preferred funding sources and who should be eligible for Green Deal financing.
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    Local energy communities: everyone's darling or a tough sell?
    10 choice tasks per respondent (5 attributes x 4 levels). Sawtooth Software CBC design. Nationally representative samples with pre-defined quotas for age and gender.
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