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    A path-centric account of action-oriented entrepreneurship training
    (2025-05-02)
    Gielnik Michael M.
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    Melyoki, Lemayon
    We develop a path-centric account that explains how action-oriented entrepreneurship training translates into self-employment. The path-centric account suggests that action-oriented entrepreneurship training positively impacts self-employment through entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial action, which form a reciprocal and mutually stabilizing relationship after training. Randomized controlled trials with a baseline (N = 1156), a shortterm (N = 872), and a 1-year follow-up measurement (N = 622) supported the hypotheses. The path-centric account describes post-training processes that explain the transfer of action-oriented entrepreneurship training. Furthermore, we address a grand challenge by demonstrating how action-oriented entrepreneurship training can reduce unemployment among young adults in low-and middle-income countries. Plain English Summary Action-oriented entrepreneurship training can reduce unemployment among young adults in sub-Saharan Africa by fostering a stabilized action-motivation pattern that forms a path to self-employment. The study presents a path-centric account that describes how entrepreneurial motivation and action influence and stabilize each other after action-oriented entrepreneurship training. We ran field experiments with more than 1000 students enrolled at universities in sub-Saharan Africa. Participation in action-oriented entrepreneurship training increased the likelihood of being self-employed 1 year after training by 30%. This could be explained by a reciprocal and mutually stabilizing relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and action after training. Thus, action-oriented entrepreneurship training should be considered an effective means to reduce unemployment among young adults in sub-Saharan Africa, because it promotes an action-motivation path leading to self-employment.
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    Scopus© Citations 4
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    Eigenzeit: A New Lens on Temporal Complexity
    (2024-09-16) ;
    Georg Schreyögg
    Time-based theorizing has recognized the importance of temporal complexity but tends to reduce it to tensions and conflicts among but two static temporal demands. We reconceptualize temporal complexity as a dynamic interplay of multiple—that is, more than two—divergent temporal demands. Based on this reconceptualization, we develop a theory of organizational Eigenzeit, which illuminates how organizations “carve out” a time of their own amid temporal complexity. We propose a process model that explains how organizations navigate distinct constellations of temporal complexity by enacting varying degrees of temporal uncoupling and differentiation. Our model enables us to derive four generic modes of Eigenzeit—entrained, ambitemporal, agile, and pluritemporal—and theorize their characteristics and implications. We argue that grand challenges, such as climate change, require organizations to shift to more advanced modes of Eigenzeit, and detail why such a shift might be difficult to enact. Our paper contributes to time-based theorizing by specifying the distinct nature of temporal complexity and redirecting extant research toward examining different modes of Eigenzeit and their implied dynamics and consequences.
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    Scopus© Citations 23
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    From Bouncing Back to Bouncing Forward: A Temporal Trajectory Model of Organizational Resilience
    (2024-09-20)
    Tor Hernes
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    Sven Kunisch
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    Majken Schultz
    Resilience research has extensively addressed how organizations cope with disruptive events and their immediate impact. The focus of this research has been on how organizations “bounce back” to a pre-disruption state. However, organizations are also challenged to “bounce forward” toward unprecedented and uncertain futures in the wake of disruptive events without losing sight of their pasts. In this article, we develop a trajectory model of organizational resilience that focuses on how actors project temporal trajectories of responses toward disruptive events, reconstitute the trajectories in immediate response to the event, and reconfigure the trajectories toward the ensuing future. The model addresses the need to distinguish combinations of probability and the impact of disruptive events in organizational resilience research. We develop a typology of types of disruptive events from ecological research representing a distinct combination of probability and impact, labeled stochastic events, probabilistic transformations, and tipping points. We examine critical transitions in the trajectory model at which organizational resilience may or may not materialize. We conclude by considering the implications for theorizing organizational resilience between organizational levels and between different disruptive events, and for temporal organizational theorizing.
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    Scopus© Citations 64
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    Time as a Research Lens: A Conceptual Review and Research Agenda
    (SAGE Publications, 2023-12-19) ;
    Hernes, Tor
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    Schultz, Majken
    Time is gaining recognition as an important research perspective, yet the assumptions, concepts, and boundaries of this perspective vary greatly across different fields. This diversity suggests that time offers both significant depth and relevance as a lens for research. However, the diversity of approaches also harbors ambiguity and a lack of coherence, hindering scholars' ability to integrate insights and harness the full potential of time as a research lens. To address this issue, we review the diverse time-based assumptions, domains, and concepts in extant research. Our review reveals three dominant manifestations of the temporal lens: time as resource, time as structure, and time as process. We analyze and synthesize insights of the three lenses to offer an integrative framework to support future research. The framework informs and reveals opportunities for time-based research by foregrounding connections and contrasts among the lenses. Building on this framework, we discuss two principal pathways for future research: connecting the three lenses through the study of tensions at their interfaces, and enhancing the three lenses through the study of more complex conceptions of time.
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    Scopus© Citations 116
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    Media Review: Organization and Time
    (SAGE Publications, 2023-09-28)
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    Media review: Documenta fifteen
    (SAGE Publications, 2023) ;
    Renate Ortlieb
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    From temporal myopia to foresight: Bridging the near and the distant future through temporal work
    (Academy of Management, 2021) ;
    Von Guttenberg Lea
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    Dennis Schoeneborn
    This paper examines how organizations can make long-term, distant future goals related to corporate sustainability actionable in the short-term, near future. Prior research suggests that this challenge is particularly pronounced in traditional organizations used to operate within a highly institutionalized temporal context dominated by economic short-termism. We add to this research by empirically investigating different forms of temporal work at a big German automotive firm that currently undergoes a major strategic reorientation toward sustainability. Drawing on interview, documentary, and press data, we discover and theorize the interplay of four intersecting forms of temporal work: explicit vs. implicit and aspirational vs. translational temporal work. Importantly, we find that explicit-translational temporal work—which focuses on breaking down sustainability goals into KPIs—in itself was not sufficient for deep-level …
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    The Dynamics of Prioritizing: How Actors Temporally Pattern Complex Role-Routine Ecologies
    (SAGE Publications, 2021)
    Kremser, Waldemar
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    The user has requested This paper examines the emergence of temporal coordination among multiple interdependent routines in a complex work setting that does not allow for up-front scheduling. We propose that when actors continuously have to prioritize their expected contributions to multiple interdependent routines, they address this challenge by orienting not just toward routines but also toward person-roles. Drawing on an ethnographic study of an agile consulting project team confronted with continued scheduling failures, we demonstrate how the dynamics of prioritizing enabled the actors to resolve what at first appeared to be an irresolvable and highly complex problem of temporal coordination. We add to the literature on routine dynamics and temporality by setting forth the dynamics of prioritizing as an explanation for the temporal patterning of complex work settings. We introduce the notion of role–routine ecologies as a novel way to conceptualize such complex work settings and contribute to developing a performative theory of person-roles and their significance for coordinating.
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    Scopus© Citations 54
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    Complex times, complex time: The pandemic, time‐based theorizing and temporal research in management and organization studies
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2021) ; ;
    Bartunek, Jean
    The Covid-19 pandemic brings time to the foreground as a multidimensional force that pervades diverse phenomena. For example,‘flattening the curve’–the key crisis management strategy pursued by many governments–is about slowing down the spread of the virus so that hospitals gain time to ramp up capacities and to heal patients without overflowing. Stimulus programs are about bridging the time between the pre-and post-pandemic pace of economic activity, because the virus is slowing down large parts of the global economy. Time is also of the essence in the development, production, and distribution of vaccines, complex tasks permeated by questions of timing (‘When will vaccines be available?’), pacing (‘How fast can people get vaccinated?’), and sequencing (‘In what order should people be vaccinated?’). The pandemic also brings to light diverse experiences of time. For some, rushed rhythms of busy …
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    Scopus© Citations 42
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    Why Do Extreme Work Hours Persist? Temporal Uncoupling as a New Way of Seeing
    (Academy of Management, 2019) ;
    Georg Schreyögg
    This paper develops temporal uncoupling as a new way of seeing the puzzling persistence of extreme work hours, as well as the temporal relations of organizations and their environments. Drawing on a historical case study, we trace and analyze the genesis, reinforcement, and maintenance of extreme work hours in an elite consulting firm over a period of 40 years. We find that a small shift in temporal structuring mobilized two positive feedback processes. These processes consolidated a temporal order that increasingly uncoupled from the traditional workweek. Grounded in these findings, we make two contributions. First, we challenge the orthodox view of entrainment as an ideal synchronous relation between organizations and their environments. Instead, we offer temporal uncoupling as an alternative lens. It enables us to see how both synchrony and asynchrony are potentially viable options, which coexist and sometimes coconstitute each other. Second, we shed new light on temporality as a constitutive force that underpins extreme work hours and offer a novel explanation of their persistence as a case of systemic temporal lock-in. We develop positive feedback as a mechanism that explains how small temporal shifts can become consolidated into hardly reversible temporal lock-ins.
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    Scopus© Citations 86