Iwan Alijew
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Item type:Publication, Business Realism—A New Account of Morality and Power in Business Ethics(2026-05-01)This article introduces a new account of morality and power in business ethics called “business realism”. To this end, it first outlines the political realism literature—a view in political philosophy that deals with the question of the relation between morality and politics. This view stresses the importance of power in politics and of a political ethics guided by political practice. Second, it uses the concept of change to argue, by analogy, for a realist view of business—a view in (what we might call) business philosophy that stresses the importance of power in business and of a business ethics guided by business practice. Third, it maps influential business ethics frameworks through a lens of business change. Fourth, it states business realism—a new account of morality and power in business ethics. Against this background, it considers the implications of this new account for business ethics and business.Type:journal articleJournal:Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Social innovation and educational innovation: a qualitative review of innovation’s evolution(2023-07-03) ;Karina Maldonado-mariscalThe paradigm of innovation has evolved over the last decades worldwide. The old conception of innovation as technological change has become more diversified and specialised. Current debates express the need to provide a holistic view of innovation, with its pros and cons, including all dimensions of innovation in society and different fields. This paper consists of a qualitative review focusing on three concepts: ‘innovation’, ‘social innovation’ and ‘innovation in education’. This research includes a historical analysis within 1939–2019 as the base period of analysis. This article is based on 108 different sources, which were carefully selected. The analysis was carried out with content analysis in our main sample. This paper contributes to our understanding of innovation more holistically, by discovering how innovation is understood and used, but also by looking at the different stages it has gone through in historical debates and evolutionary trends. This article presents different perspectives on innovation over time and helps to recognise the evolution of the concept of innovation and the emergence of social innovation as a field of its own. Furthermore, the relevance of innovation in the field of education is presented and current debates on the understanding of innovation are situated.Type:journal articleJournal:Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science ResearchScopus© Citations 19 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Redefining Corporate Responsibility: The Role of Companies in Supporting Democracy(2025) ;Kapteina Benedikt D. S.This article introduces the concept of Corporate Democratic Responsibility (CDR) and its practical application through Corporate Democratic Education (CDE), exploring how businesses can actively contribute to safeguarding the integrity and stability of democratic societies. As democracy faces increasing challenges—such as political disengagement, disinformation, populism, and the erosion of democratic norms—companies are expected not only to avoid undermining democracy but also to contribute proactively to its preservation. Building on Böckenförde’s reflections on the preconditions of democracy and Popper’s defense of the open society, CDR extends the traditional scope of Corporate Social Responsibility and Political Corporate Social Responsibility, urging companies to take purposeful roles in strengthening democratic institutions. CDE operationalizes this by promoting political literacy and fostering civic engagement among both internal and external stakeholders, ensuring that businesses play a pivotal role in cultivating a more informed and resilient citizenry. The paper concludes with a call for future research on the implications of CDR and CDE for CSR and the evolving role of businesses in shaping public discourse in democracies. Given the increasing threats to democratic systems, deepening our understanding of these concepts is crucial for both academic inquiry and guiding business practices, helping organizations contribute to democracy’s resilience.Type:conference paper - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Corporations Navigating Polarized Public DebatesThis chapter lays a philosophical foundation for exploring how corporations navigate polarized public debates. Far from being a purely theoretical endeavor, it provides concrete insights into both business and business ethics. To this end, it first develops a so-called “philosophy of practice” by drawing on the political-philosophical writings of Richard Rorty, Mark Lilla, and Raymond Geuss. Second, it investigates polarized public debates and distinguishes fundamental debates from distractions to illustrate how politics and business align. Against this background, it considers the implications of this practice-oriented lens on polarized public debates for business and business ethics. It concludes with a hopeful yet realistic outlook on how corporations navigate polarized public debates.Type:Book chapterJournal:Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Democratic Imperative in Everyone’s Business (Ron & Singer, 2024): From Negative to Positive Corporate ObligationsIn Everyone’s Business, Ron and Singer (2024) develop a political account of business ethics that assigns normative priority to democracy. They argue that firms owe democratic societies a “concern for democracy,” which they largely interpret as duties of restraint aimed at avoiding corruption and undue influence over democratic procedures. This short review reconstructs the central reasons underlying this predominantly negative account and proposes a limited extension within their framework. It argues that, under strict conditions, a concern for democracy may also entail positive obligations oriented toward sustaining the procedural and epistemic conditions of democratic agency, particularly in light of the scale and reach of corporate power.Type:book reviewJournal:Journal of Business Ethics - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire? Companies as Providers of Political Education(2025-04) ;Kapteina Benedikt D. S.As traditional institutions of political education, such as schools, unions, and community organizations, decline in influence, companies are emerging as alternative spaces for fostering civic engagement. This article introduces the concept of Corporate Political Education (CPE) and explores its potential to address societal challenges like populism, misinformation, and polarization. By leveraging their trusted position in society, companies can offer political education programs that enhance employees' understanding of critical political issues, thus empowering informed citizenship. Drawing on frameworks like Corporate Political Activity and Political Corporate Social Responsibility, we argue that CPE is an extension of corporate responsibility. Case studies of companies like Siemens and Google, which provide educational programs on sustainability and social justice, show how CPE can foster civic awareness and workforce engagement. However, CPE carries risks, including potential accusations of political bias and challenges in maintaining corporate legitimacy. To mitigate these risks, we propose a framework that emphasizes critical thinking over ideological endorsement. CPE programs should be voluntary and include external oversight to ensure transparency and ethical compliance.Type:conference contribution - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Redefining Corporate Responsibility: The Role of Companies in Supporting Democracy(2025-07) ;Kapteina Benedikt D. S.This article introduces the concept of Corporate Democratic Responsibility (CDR) and its practical application through Corporate Democratic Education (CDE), exploring how businesses can actively contribute to safeguarding the integrity and stability of democratic societies. As democracy faces increasing challenges—such as political disengagement, disinformation, populism, and the erosion of democratic norms—companies are expected not only to avoid undermining democracy but also to contribute proactively to its preservation. Building on Böckenförde’s reflections on the preconditions of democracy and Popper’s defense of the open society, CDR extends the traditional scope of Corporate Social Responsibility and Political Corporate Social Responsibility, urging companies to take purposeful roles in strengthening democratic institutions. CDE operationalizes this by promoting political literacy and fostering civic engagement among both internal and external stakeholders, ensuring that businesses play a pivotal role in cultivating a more informed and resilient citizenry. The paper concludes with a call for future research on the implications of CDR and CDE for CSR and the evolving role of businesses in shaping public discourse in democracies. Given the increasing threats to democratic systems, deepening our understanding of these concepts is crucial for both academic inquiry and guiding business practices, helping organizations contribute to democracy’s resilience.Type:conference contribution - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Business Realism: A New Movement In Business Theory(2024-08)In this article I introduce and argue for business realism – a new movement in business theory. Business realism, so I argue, will be a middle way between two false extremes: approaches to business that either overstate or understate the moral dimension in business. I transfer the idea of realism in political theory, a view that emphasizes the autonomy of politics against ethics and the importance of interests and power to the economic sphere and thus business practice. Hence the name of my view of business: business realism. That way business realism emerges as a view of business as practice that gives greater autonomy to distinctively businessy thought without making business a moral-free endeavor. Such an understanding of business has implications for business ethics. In general, I argue that business realism brings better results than other approaches – be it in the sense of the power to explain a practice or when it comes to the ethics of that practice, business ethicsType:conference contribution - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Managers Under Siege: How to Navigate the Culture Wars - Philosophical Reflections on Business Practice(2024-06)Today, managers face more and more cultural and political challenges. This is a result of the culture wars. In this article I am going to address the question of how managers best navigate in such a climate, where there seems to be little space for doing the right thing, but a lot of space to do the wrong thing. With the help of an idea from political philosophy, I argue for a realist approach to business – business realism . Business in market conditions requires, like politics in a democracy, to win over people. The culture wars, so I argue, reinforce these dynamics, and it is thus even more important for managers to account, in their decisions, for the conditions present – the market and the culture wars. I try to show that being on what side in the culture wars is not the primary question to ask for managers (as it however often seems to be). The more important question is how to make things work. This does not imply giving up on one’s principles or morals; it just asks for a shift in perspective and strategy.Type:conference contribution - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Understanding Innovation Differently: A Literature Review on Innovation, Social Innovation and Innovation in Education(2021-02) ;Maldonado-mariscal KarinaThe innovation paradigm in the last eighty years shows that innovation is mainly understand as technological transformations. This understanding of innovation has slowly evolved, but the permanence of this understanding as a technological transformation is still present in most of the current scientific and political discourses. This research is an historical analysis and literature review of the innovation paradigm including the concepts of innovation, social innovation, and innovation in education by drawing in the most relevant literature during the period 1939-2019. These work present different perspectives of innovation over time, in order to recognize the evolution of this concept and to identify the relevance of innovation in the field of education.Type:conference contribution