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    A Natural Language Technology-enhanced Mobile Sales Assistant for In-store Shopping Situations
    (AIS Association for Information Systems, 2011-06-11) ; ;
    Janzen, Sabine
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    Varshney, Upkar
    ;
    Tuunainen, Virpi
    Sales talks between customers and sales personnel are efficient and preferred means for exchanging information that is relevant for purchase decisions on non-commodity products. Dialogs used in sales talks are governed by complex and in many respects conflicting intentions on both sides. While previous Decision Support Systems (DSS) are designed by the principle of congruent intentions of communication partners, we present an approach that extends this by congruent and opposing intentions of communication partners. We use a design methodology for dialog-based purchase DSS that use Natural Language Technologies (NLT) for dynamically creating question-answer-based sales dialogs. It is first shown how dialog schemata are obtained by a field study and evaluated by subjects. In the second part, these schemata are integrated in a Natural Language Technology-enhanced Mobile Sales Assistant (NLT-MSA). The role of NLT-MSA is to take the position of a sales person with the task to balance congruent and conflicting intentions during sales dialogs. Results of a lab experiment (n=54) are discussed by which the use of a NLT-MSA prototype in sales situations were tested. As part of this study, test persons rated application domains for NLT-MSA that will guide future field experiments in the large
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    Towards Empirically Validated Ubiquitous Information Systems : Results from a Pretest and Three Empirical Studies
    (Association for Information Systems, 2013-06-05) ;
    Research on ubiquitous information systems (UIS) has recently gained attention in the IS community. But dedicated empirical instruments that are robust and capture individual characteristics of UIS are still missing. A rather new empirical construct derived from Task-Technology Fit theory was proposed and denoted as Situation-Service Fit (SSF). This paper shows how SSF can be used within the Situational Design Method for IS, a design method tailored to UIS. For this purpose, the SSF instrument is first tested for face validity as well as discriminant and convergent validity. Then, SSF is evaluated as a predictor variable of behavioral intentions to use services that are embedded in UIS. Hereby, also discriminant validity of SSF with regard to perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use is assessed. For this purpose, data from a four-year EU project is used, which includes a pretest and three empirical user studies. Results show that SSF can be a significant predictor of service usage. However, validity issues still exist and thus, further research on the SSF instrument is recommended.
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    IKS Deliverable - D2.1 Report: AMI Case Requirements Specification
    (-, 2010)
    Janzen, Sabine
    ;
    ; ;
    Filler, Andreas
    ;
    Romanelli, Massimo
    Restricted Deliverable - The objective of this deliverable is to provide requirements for the development of interactive knowledge-supported ambient environments. In order to identify these requirements, we have developed and applied a new design methodology that is grounded in Information Systems design science research. Therefore, we first identified business needs for an ambient bath environment together with an industrial partner before we evaluated them empirically with the help of mock-ups. In addition, we adopted a bottom up approach to review existing technical architectures for ambient environments based upon which we are able to provide a preliminary architecture. As a result from both approaches, we suggest business and technical requirements for the development and evaluation of the AMI application, which are the next steps within this project (see Tasks 4.1 and 6.1).
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    A Pattern-based Ontology Building Method for Ambient Environments
    (2009-10-25) ;
    Janzen, Sabine
    Ambient environments are characterized by an ever increasing amount of information that needs to be selected and organized in order to make correct assumptions about users, entities, etc. within a specific context. This issue can be addressed by using ontologies that meet the specific requirements of such environments. In this paper, we survey ontology engineering methods that represent an adequate approach to creating adequate ontologies. Because unprecedented, we introduce a Pattern-based Ontology Building Method for Ambient Environments (POnA) and exemplify this method through the development of a domain-specific ontology for cosmetic products within ambient shopping environments
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    Supporting Cooking Tasks by a Smart Formulation Table
    (IEEE Computer Society 2010, 2010-07-19) ;
    Filler, Andreas
    Kitchen environments are target of many Ubiquitous Computing prototypes that investigate the application of technologies in real-world situations. In this paper, we present a design-driven approach that carefully analyzes domain theories, identifies requirements for human task support, derives services accordingly, and uses these descriptions for guiding implementations. We focus on how preparation and concocting tasks can be supported by a formulation table with integrated scaling mechanism and a set of dedicated information services.
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    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Semantic Technologies in Content Management Systems : Trends, Applications and Evaluations
    Content Management Systems (CMSs) are used in almost every industry by millions of end-user organizations. In contrast to the 90s, they are no longer used as isolated applications in one organization but they support critical core operations in business ecosystems. Content management today is more interactive and more integrative: interactive because end-users are increasingly content creators themselves and integrative because content elements can be embedded into various other applications. The authors of this book investigate how Semantic Technologies can increase interactivity and integration capabilities of CMSs and discuss their business value to millions of end-user organizations. This book has therefore the objective, to reflect existing applications as well as to discuss and present new applications for CMSs that use Semantic Technologies. An evaluation of 27 CMSs concludes this book and provides a basis for IT executives that plan to adopt or replace a CMS in the near future.
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    In-store Consumer Behavior : How Mobile Recommendation Agents Influence Usage Intentions, Product Purchases, and Store Preferences
    (Elsevier Science, 2010-07-01) ;
    Product information given in purchase situations influences purchase behavior. In online purchase situations, the use of recommendation agents increases the value of product information as information becomes adaptive and thus more relevant to consumers' information needs. Correspondingly, mobile recommendation agents (MRAs) may also increase the value of product information in bricks-and-mortar stores. In this sense, product information is not only adaptive but can also be requested at any place such as in front of products consumers are interested in. Because unprecedented, we investigate the use of a MRA that is virtually bound to a physical product via an RFID-enabled mobile device and provides product information. Based on Theory of Planned Behavior, Innovation Diffusion Theory, and Technology Acceptance Model, we develop a model to better understand the impact of MRAs on usage intentions, product purchases and store preferences of consumers. This model is then tested in a lab experiment (n = 47). Among high usability scores, results indicate that perceived usefulness of a MRA influences product purchases, predicts usage intentions and store preferences of consumers. Thus, new business models for retail stores can be considered in which MRAs satisfy both the information needs of consumers and the communication needs of retailers
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    Scopus© Citations 140
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    IKS Deliverable - D1.1 Report: Design of the Semantic Benchmark Experiment
    (-, 2009) ; ;
    Damjanovic, Violeta
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    Behrendt, Wernher
    ;
    Gruber, Andreas
    Public Deliverable - The objective of this deliverable is to design a benchmark model for Content Management Systems (CMSs) in order to identify relevant requirements for the Interactive Knowledge Stack (IKS). The IKS will be a layered set of software components and specifications with the goal to improve the interaction with knowledge objects of CMSs by using Semantic Web technologies. In contrast to projects that benchmarked rather technical aspects of CMSs, we propose a model that evaluates CMSs consistently from the business perspective down to the technology layer. This approach is based on IT alignment theory that states that higher degrees of fit between business needs and IT result in increased business performance. Accordingly, IT executives of organizations that provide CMSs and IT executives of organizations that use CMSs as well as CMS developers are taken into account covering both business and technical aspects. The deliverable is structured as follows. First, we introduce the IKS project and pose relevant research questions that the IKS benchmark model for CMSs must address. Then, related work on CMS benchmarks, semantic technologies and applications is discussed from which shortcomings of exiting benchmarks are derived and implications for the design of the IKS benchmark model are drawn. Afterwards, we present the IKS benchmark model for CMSs, which describes a study-driven and experiment-driven approach to compare CMSs. Consistent with the model, questionnaire items for the study targeted at IT executives of CMS customer and provider organizations and implementation tasks for the experiment targeted at CMS developers are provided. Finally, we conclude this deliverable by a summary and an outlook on the next steps within the IKS project.
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    IKS Deliverable - D4.1 AmI Case: Design and Implementation
    (IKS consortium, 2011)
    Janzen, Sabine
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    Blomqvist, Eva
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    Filler, Andreas
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    Gönül, Suat
    ;
    The intelligent bathroom use case represents a "far out" vision of IKS for direct user interac- tions with embedded contents that are organized by a "Semantic CMS Technology Stack". This case combines advanced content and knowledge management with an ubiquitous com- puting scenario in a place everybody is familiar with - the bathroom. The use case shows how users can interact with contents in physical environments in a way that leaves the di- mension of "small windows to the info sphere" as known by the "monitor paradigm" (Janzen et al., 2010). The objective of D4.1 is to provide guidance for the design, implementation and evaluation of such interactive knowledge-supported ubiquitous environments. In D2.1 (Janzen et al., 2010), a Situational Design Methodology for Information Systems (SiDIS, formerly known as CoDesA) (Maass & Janzen, 2011) was introduced and results from first four tasks of that methodology were presented. In this deliverable, tasks 5 to 8 are applied. Therefore, key re- search challenges for the AmI case will be identified and supported by related work. One of these challenges is the development of a knowledge representation for highly dynamic envi- ronments. So, we started with the conceptual design of such a knowledge representation for the AmI use case; the approach consisting of a contextual and situational part will be intro- duced. We will present our procedure in designing and modelling the knowledge representa- tion by means of Ontology Design Patterns (Gangemi, 2005; Gangemi & Presutti, 2009) that are provided by IKS and that are combined with conceptual models based on SiDIS. Fur- thermore, the development of a logical as well as technical architecture for the AmI case is elaborated. Afterwards, we will focus on the implementation of the technical architecture of the system, especially on the presentation of contents in the bathroom based on the seman- tic knowledge representation. Next, the results of the empirical evaluation of the resulting software integrated in the physical bathroom environment will be presented. Furthermore, the results of the re-iteration phase in T4.1 will be shown, validating the Beta version of IKS in the context of the real-time bathroom environment. D4.1 will be closed by a discussion of ex- periences and lessons learned when developing interactive knowledge-supported ubiquitous information systems by means of IKS.
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    The Use of Free and Paid Digital Product Reviews on Mobile Devices in In-Store Purchase Situations
    (Athens University of Economics & Business, 2009-09-27) ; ;
    Digital product reviews provided by users and experts are used as purchase decision cues. In contrast to reviews obtained by websites on the desktop, it is open if they are adopted in in-store purchase situations on mobile devices. In addition, it is an open issue to which degree free digital product reviews provided by users or paid digital product reviews provided by experts are adopted and influence consumers' preferences for stores that offer access to them. To answer these questions, a theoretical model is proposed based on Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Then, the model is empirically evaluated by conducting a study with 116 subjects. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-sample t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients are used to examine the data. Results indicate that digital product reviews are adopted on mobile devices in in-store purchase situations, especially when they are provided for free and refer to consumer electronics. On average, consumers are willing to pay 2.9 percent of the product's price for a corresponding review. Based on these findings, new business models for providers of reviews and store managers are conceivable that extend physical products with free or paid digital content through the use of product identification technologies at the point of sale.
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