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    How Closely Should You Follow a Trend? Atypicality and Engagement on Social Media
    (SAGE Publications, 2026-07-17)
    Bravin, Marc
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    Clegg, Melanie
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    Pouly, Marc
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    Berger, Jonah
    Following trends on social media has become increasingly popular. But what is the best way to do so? Should brands and other creators copy the trend as closely as possible, or should they put a more unique spin on it? To answer this question, the authors develop a multimodal, unsupervised video analytics tool (MUVID) to quantify the typicality of over 85,000 TikTok dance videos. Results indicate that more atypical videos (i.e., more differentiated from the trend) generate more engagement. Consistent with the notion that atypicality drives engagement, this relationship is amplified when atypicality is easier to observe (i.e., when audiences have seen more trend videos). Follow-up experiments, including a content-creator field experiment, manipulate atypicality and confirm its causal impact. The findings provide practical guidance on how to create more impactful content, shed light on effective trend-following, and offer a tool (available through an app) that researchers and practitioners can use to quantify typicality and analyze short videos more generally.
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    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Agency Configurations in Generative AI Ideation: How Textual and Visual Idea Concretizations Shape Idea Creativity and Ideator Effort
    Ideators increasingly turn to generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) to improve the creativity of their ideas and reduce the cognitive effort required to refine them. This collaboration is based on finegrained configurations of human-AI agency that allow for partial automation and augmentation of the creative-ideation process. In this study, we examine how representational differences in AI-generated inputs into human ideation in the form of textual and visual concretizations influence the creativity of the jointly produced ideas and the effort ideators must expend. These AI-generated concretizations transform initial raw ideas into more mature representations that ideators can inspect, interpret, and evaluate. In an online experiment, we found that AI-generated textual concretizations improved idea creativity by 18% relative to AI-generated visual concretizations but required 30% greater effort from ideators. This effect was most pronounced for more mature ideas (i.e., specific and actionable). For very immature ideas, visual concretizations enhanced idea creativity without increased effort. We explain these differences through different configurations of human-AI agency in ideation. Textual concretizations correspond to augmentation: GenAI produces coherent textual concretizations that ideators must interpret and complete with their imagination. The material agency of GenAI is matched by human agency, increasing idea creativity but requiring greater effort. As ideas mature, richer textual concretizations provide greater substance for creative elaboration, boosting both idea creativity and ideator effort. In contrast, the use of visual concretizations follows an automation logic. GenAI exerts material agency by autonomously specifying all required details for a visual concretization. While this can boost creativity for very immature ideas by offering stimulating details for creative exploration, these details become constraining as ideas mature. This constrains human agency and ideators’ abilities to integrate novel elements into ideation. As its main contribution, our paper shows that representational differences in AI-generated concretizations shape idea creativity and ideator effort by producing distinct configurations of human-AI agency.
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    Generative grounded theory (GGT): Inductive theory building in the age of generative AI
    (Wiley, 2026-08-05)
    Schmitt, Bernd
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    Hao, Shuyi
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    Pham, Michel Tuan
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    This paper introduces generative grounded theory (GGT), an AI‐enhanced method for inductive theory building that adapts grounded theory—and qualitative research procedures more broadly—to contemporary digital and algorithmic research conditions. GGT integrates generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into grounded‐theory analysis while preserving human interpretive authority and theoretical responsibility. The method specifies a step‐by‐step process that supports systematic comparison and structured engagement with qualitative data. We demonstrate the method by outlining two new consumer‐psychology studies and reanalyzing two established grounded‐theory studies. We also address concerns surrounding GenAI use and outline future developments in the use of GenAI for qualitative analyses. GGT enables greater scale and efficiency in working with qualitative data, which are increasingly heterogeneous and multimodal, while supporting rigorous and precise theory construction and enhancing transparency and traceability. GGT can also be extended to other qualitative approaches that rely on similar analytic procedures.
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    Scopus© Citations 1
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    Fragile Permanence: How NFTs Shape Perceptions of Artistic Identity and Value
    (2025-03-11)
    Finken, David
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    Döring, Tim
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    Nonfungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets securely recorded on a blockchain, a characteristic that fundamentally distinguishes them from other digital goods. Building on this characteristic, our research examined how people perceive one-of-a-kind (unique) artworks. Drawing from the literature on permanence and essentialism, we demonstrate that NFTs are often seen as lacking permanence compared to traditional artwork. This perception diminishes their ability to capture an artist's essential identity, explaining why people prefer traditional on-canvas (over NFT) artwork. However, when an artwork's permanence is threatened (e.g., by intentional or accidental destruction), NFTs may better preserve value, eventually increasing preferences. We tested our predictions in four experiments (N 5 1; 628) and three replications (N 5 697). Results enhance our understanding of how technologies (e.g., NFTs) shape the perception of artwork. We expand the limited research on permanence and connect with literature on essentialism, offering insights into why individuals may ascribe value to artwork.
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    Scopus© Citations 4
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    Influencer marketing unlocked: Understanding the value chains driving the creator economy
    (Springer Nature (United States), 2025-01-24)
    Libai, Barak
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    Babic Rosario Ana
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    Beichert, Maximilian
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    Donkers, Bas
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    Haenlein, Michael
    As influencer marketing evolves into a dominant force in the marketing landscape, it necessitates a deeper theoretical exploration to understand its strategic implementations and impacts. This article examines the dynamics of influencer marketing within the growing creator economy, emphasizing the interactions among firms, influencers, followers, and digital platforms. We introduce a novel, equity-driven framework that analyzes how influencers contribute to customer equity, how influencers manage and leverage the value from their followers, and how platforms maximize the value from their users. We detail the complex relationships and value exchanges within the influencer marketing ecosystem, highlighting the challenges of measuring the return on investment and influencers’ strategic use of content to maintain authenticity and influence. By synthesizing diverse academic literature and current industry practices, this manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of value creation and exchange in influencer marketing, offers strategic implications for marketers aiming to optimize their influencer engagements, and outlines future work in the form of the eleven “INFLUENCERS” research directions.
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    Scopus© Citations 54
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    Are Rural Residents the Real E-Mobility Pioneers? Adoption and Willingness to Pay for E-Mobility in Switzerland's Urban and Rural Areas
    This study investigates the differences in e-mobility between urban and rural areas in Switzerland. A survey of 1,037 residents in Switzerland shows that rural areas favor e-mobility more, despite urban areas being more environmentally conscious. Rural residents prefer e-bikes and cars, while urban residents rely on public transport. These differences suggest the need for tailored e-mobility strategies.
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    Beyond Scarcity: A Social Value-Based Lens for NFT Pricing
    (2024-05-15) ;
    Fritze, Martin P
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    Lamberton, Cait
    Over the last half-century, consumer research has often depicted scarcity as a dominant factor increasing price. But should we assume that scarcity’s upward pressure on price remains intact, in a world where novel forms of digital products proliferate? In this article, we propose that blockchain-encrypted digital goods, in particular, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), offer good reason to revisit this assumption. In this context, we argue and find that social value can outweigh intrinsic value as a determinant of willingness-to-pay. As a result, when scarcity threatens access to high levels of social value, its effect on price can be negative rather than positive—an inversion of a pattern typically observed for offline collectibles. Secondary data taken from the NFT platform Opensea and a set of experimental studies support this social value-based lens. Given these findings, we propose a research agenda to ground future work in this area. We also suggest that NFTs offer a laboratory in which past theories related to social value, scarcity, and price can be reconsidered and future theories developed, hopefully allowing consumer researchers to lead knowledge development in these domains over the next 50 years.
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    Scopus© Citations 65
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    The creator’s dilemma: Resolving tensions between authenticity and monetization in social media
    In social media, remaining authentic while taking advantage of monetizing opportunities is a key dilemma for online content creators—the creator’s dilemma. Individuals typically start as small-scale creators, creating the content they enjoy. As they grow, the temptations of monetization increase, creating tension with their sense of authenticity. This can affect how genuine their content appears, potentially altering how they and others perceive their authenticity. Five in-depth interviews with mega-creators (content creators with more than one million followers) provide qualitative insights into how this dilemma can evolve and what strategies creators use to balance authenticity and monetization. The interviewed creators suggest three strategies, by moving (1) from paid advertising to co-creation with brands, (2) from staging content to improvising content, and (3) from producing content to growing their own creator brand. This non-representative and conceptual discussion motivates future research into the creator’s dilemma.
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    Scopus© Citations 32
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    Algorithms and dehumanization: a definition and avoidance model
    (2024-11-11)
    Schultz, Mario
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    Seele, Peter
    Dehumanization by algorithms raises important issues for business and society. Yet, these issues remain poorly understood due to the fragmented nature of the evolving dehumanization literature across disciplines, originating from colonialism, industrialization, post-colonialism studies, contemporary ethics, and technology studies. This article systematically reviews the literature on algorithms and dehumanization (n = 180 articles) and maps existing knowledge across several clusters that reveal its underlying characteristics. Based on the review, we find that algorithmic dehumanization is particularly problematic for human resource management and the future of work, managerial decision-making, consumer ethics, hard-and soft-law regulation, and basic values, including privacy and consumer rights. From the literature synthesis, we also derive the following definition of algorithmic dehumanization: the act of using algorithms and data in a way that results in the intentional or unintentional treatment of individuals and/or groups as less than fully human, thereby violating human rights, including liberty, equality, and dignity. Ultimately, we present a dehumanization avoidance model that serves as a structured research agenda and practical guide to address the challenges raised by algorithmic dehumanization. Thus, the model indicates promising pathways for future research at the intersection of AI and society and facilitates reflection on organizational processes that support improving corporate capabilities and managerial decision-making to avoid algorithmic dehumanization.
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